Hydrogenated benzo (C) thiophene derivatives as immunomodulators

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to novel thiophene derivatives, their preparation and their use as pharmaceutically active compounds particularly as immunosuppressant agents.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to S1P1/EDG1 receptor agonists of Formula (I) and their use as active ingredients in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions. The invention also concerns related aspects including processes for the preparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the Formula (I), and their use as compounds improving vascular function and as immunomodulating agents, either alone or in combination with other active compounds or therapies. A further aspect of the invention relates to novel compounds of Formulae (II) and (III) that serve as intermediates to prepare compounds of Formula (I).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The human immune system is designed to defend the body against foreign micro-organisms and substances that cause infection or disease. Complex regulatory mechanisms ensure that the immune response is targeted against the intruding substance or organism and not against the host. In some cases, these control mechanisms are unregulated and autoimmune responses can develop. A consequence of the uncontrolled inflammatory response is severe organ, cell, tissue or joint damage. With current treatment, the whole immune system is usually suppressed and the body's ability to react to infections is also severely compromised. Typical drugs in this class include azathioprine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, or methotrexate. Corticosteroids which reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response, may cause side effects when used in long term treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and inflammation, however, they exhibit considerable side effects. Alternative treatments include agents that activate or block cytokine signaling.

Orally active compounds with immunomodulating properties, without compromising immune responses and with reduced side effects would significantly improve current treatments of uncontrolled inflammatory disease.

In the field of organ transplantation the host immune response must be suppressed to prevent organ rejection. Organ transplant recipients can experience some rejection even when they are taking immunosuppressive drugs. Rejection occurs most frequently in the first few weeks after transplantation, but rejection episodes can also happen months or even years after transplantation. Combinations of up to three or four medications are commonly used to give maximum protection against rejection while minimizing side effects. Current standard drugs used to treat the rejection of transplanted organs interfere with discrete intracellular pathways in the activation of T-type or B-type white blood cells. Examples of such drugs are cyclosporin, daclizumab, basiliximab, everolimus, or FK506, which interfere with cytokine release or signaling; azathioprine or leflunomide, which inhibit nucleotide synthesis; or 15-deoxyspergualin, an inhibitor of leukocyte differentiation.

The beneficial effects of broad immunosuppressive therapies relate to their effects; however, the generalized immunosuppression which these drugs produce diminishes the immune system's defense against infection and malignancies. Furthermore, standard immunosuppressive drugs are often used at high dosages and can cause or accelerate organ damage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel compounds of Formula (I) that are agonists for the G protein-coupled receptor S1P1/EDG1 and have a powerful and long-lasting immunosuppressive effect which is achieved by reducing the number of circulating and infiltrating T- and B-lymphocytes, without affecting their maturation, memory, or expansion. The reduction of circulating T-/B-lymphocytes as a result of S1P1/EDG1 agonism, possibly in combination with the observed improvement of endothelial cell layer function associated with S1P1/EDG1 activation, makes such compounds useful to treat uncontrolled inflammatory disease and to improve vascular functionality.

The compounds of the present invention can be utilized alone or in combination with standard drugs inhibiting T-cell activation, to provide a new immunosuppressive therapy with a reduced propensity for infections when compared to standard immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention can be used in combination with reduced dosages of traditional immunosuppressant therapies, to provide on the one hand effective immunosuppressive activity, while on the other hand reducing end organ damage associated with higher doses of standard immunosuppressive drugs. The observation of improved endothelial cell layer function associated with S1P1/EDG1 activation provides additional benefits of compounds to improve vascular function.

The nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence for the human S1P1/EDG1 receptor are known in the art and are published in e.g.: Hla, T., and Maciag, T. J. Biol Chem. 265 (1990), 9308-9313; WO 91/15583 published 17 Oct. 1991; WO 99/46277 published 16 Sep. 1999. The potency and efficacy of the compounds of Formula (I) are assessed using a GTPγS assay to determine EC₅₀ values and by measuring the circulating lymphocytes in the rat after oral administration, respectively (see Examples).

The following paragraphs provide definitions of the various chemical moieties that make up the compounds according to the invention and are intended to apply uniformly throughout the specification and claims unless an otherwise expressly set out definition provides a broader definition.

The term C₁₋₅-alkyl, alone or in combination with other groups, means saturated, branched or preferably straight chain groups with one to five carbon atoms, preferably one to three carbon atoms. Examples of C₁₋₅-alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and n-pentyl.

The term C₁₋₅-alkoxy, alone or in combination with other groups, means an R—O group, wherein R is a C₁₋₅-alkyl. Preferred examples of C₁₋₅-alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iso-propoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy.

The term hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, alone or in combination with other groups, means a straight or branched alkoxy chain bearing a hydroxy group whereby there are at least two carbon atoms between the hydroxy group and the oxygen of the C₂₋₅-alkoxy group. Examples of hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy groups are 2-hydroxy-ethoxy, 3-hydroxy-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-propoxy, 4-hydroxy-butoxy, 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-propoxy, 3-hydroxy-butoxy, etc.

The term mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino means an R′—NH— or an R′—NR″— group, respectively, wherein R′ and R″ are each independently a C₁₋₅-alkyl group. Preferred examples of mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino groups are methylamino, ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, and N-methyl-N-ethyl-amino.

The term halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, preferably fluoro or chloro.

If the group A of Formula (I) represents an asymmetric bivalent group, such a group is connected in a way that the beginning part of the group A is linked to the thiophene ring of Formula (I) (that means that for example the —CO part of —CONH—CH₂— is linked to the thiophene ring of Formula (I)).

Where the plural form is used for compounds, salts, pharmaceutical compositions, diseases and the like, this is intended to mean also a single compound, salt, or the like.

Any reference hereinbefore or hereinafter to a compound of Formula (I), (II) or (III) is to be understood as referring also to configurational isomers such as optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as racemates, diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomers, diastereomeric racemates, and mixtures of diastereomeric racemates, as well as salts (especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts) and solvent complexes (including hydrates) of such compounds, and morphological forms, as appropriate and expedient.

Salts are preferably the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula (I).

Salt-forming groups are groups or radicals having basic or acidic properties. Compounds having at least one basic group or at least one basic radical, for example amino, a secondary amino group not forming a peptide bond or a pyridyl radical, may form acid addition salts, for example with inorganic acids. When several basic groups are present mono- or poly-acid addition salts may be formed.

Compounds having acidic groups, such as a carboxy group or a phenolic hydroxy group, may form metal or ammonium salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium salts, or ammonium salts with ammonia or suitable organic amines, such as tertiary monoamines, for example triethylamine or tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amine, or heterocyclic bases, for example N-ethyl-piperidine or N,N′-dimethylpiperazine. Mixtures of salts are possible.

Compounds having both acidic and basic groups can form internal salts.

For the purposes of isolation or purification, as well as in the case of compounds that are used further as intermediates, it is also possible to use pharmaceutically unacceptable salts, e.g. the picrates. Only pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts may be used for therapeutic purposes, however, and those salts are therefore preferred.

The expression pharmaceutically acceptable salts encompasses either salts with inorganic acids or organic acids like hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, phosphorous acid, nitrous acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, cinnamic acid, pamoic acid, stearic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanedisulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and the like that are non toxic to living organisms or in case the compound of Formula (I) is acidic in nature with an inorganic base like an alkali or earth alkali base, e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and the like. For other examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, reference can be made to “Salt selection for basic drugs”, Int. J. Pharm. (1986), 33, 201-217.

The compounds of Formulae (I), (II) and (III) may contain asymmetric carbon atoms. Substituents at a double bond or a ring may be present in cis-(=Z—) or trans (=E-) form unless indicated otherwise. The compounds of Formulae (I), (II) and (III) may thus be present as mixtures of stereoisomers or preferably as pure stereoisomers. Mixtures of stereoisomers may be separated in a manner known per se, e.g. by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, HPLC or crystallization.

i) The invention relates to novel thiophene compounds of the Formula (I),

wherein

A represents —CONH—CH₂—, —CO—CH═CH—, —CO—CH₂CH₂—, —CO—CH₂—O—, —CO—CH₂—NH—,

R¹ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₅-alkyl, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, or halogen;

R² represents hydrogen, C₁₋₅-alkyl, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or halogen;

R³ represents hydrogen, hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR³¹R³², —CO—NHR³¹, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², hydroxy, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, fluoro-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy, 2-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy, 3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, —NR³¹R³², —NHCO—R³¹, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHSO₂R³³, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHSO₂R³³—OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHCOR³⁴, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, or —SO₂NHR³¹;

R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2-C₁₋₅-alkoxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-C₁₋₅-alkoxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylamino)ethyl, 2-(di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino)ethyl, carboxymethyl, C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, or 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxy)ethyl;

R³² represents hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl;

R³³ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, or dimethylamino;

R³⁴ represents hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, aminomethyl, methylaminomethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, aminoethyl, 2-methylamino-ethyl, or 2-dimethylamino-ethyl;

k represents the integer 1, 2, or 3;

m represents the integer 1 or 2;

n represents 0, 1, or 2;

R⁴ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₅-alkyl or halogen;

R⁵ represents methyl or ethyl;

R⁶ represents methyl or ethyl;

or R⁵ and R⁶ together form a carbocyclic 3-, 4-, or 5-membered ring; and

R⁷ represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, methoxy, methylthio, hydroxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, amino, mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino;

and configurational isomers such as optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as racemates, diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomers, diastereomeric racemates, and mixtures of diastereomeric racemates, as well as salts and solvent complexes of such compounds, and morphological forms.

ii) A particular embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to embodiment i), wherein A represents

R³ represents hydrogen, hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR³¹R³², —CO—NHR³¹, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², hydroxy, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, fluoro-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy, 2-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[4-(2-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy, 3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, —NR³¹R³², —NHCO—R³¹, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHSO₂R³³, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³—OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHSO₂R³³—OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHCOR³⁴, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHCOR³⁴, or —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴; and

R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, 2-C₁₋₅-alkoxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-C₁₋₅-alkoxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylamino)ethyl, 2-(di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino)ethyl, carboxymethyl, C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, or 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxy)ethyl;

and wherein k, m, n, R³², R³³ and R³⁴ are as defined in embodiment i).

iii) A particular embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to embodiment i) or ii), wherein A represents —CO—CH₂—CH₂—.

iv) Another particular embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to embodiment i) or ii), wherein A represents —CO—CH₂—NH—.

v) Another particular embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to embodiment i) or ii), wherein A represents

vi) Another particular embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to embodiment i), wherein A represents

vii) A preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ and R⁴ represent hydrogen and R² represents a methyl group.

viii) Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² and R⁴ represent a methyl group, and R⁴ is in the ortho-position with respect to R³.

ix) Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² represents a methyl group, and R⁴ represents an ethyl group in the ortho-position with respect to R³.

x) Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² represents a methyl group, and R⁴ represents chloro in the ortho-position with respect to R³.

xi) Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ and R⁴ represent hydrogen and R² represents chloro.

xii) Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² represents a methoxy group, and R⁴ represents chloro or fluoro both in the ortho-position with respect to R³.

xiii) Another preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to vi), wherein R¹ represents a methoxy group and R² and R⁴ represent hydrogen.

xiv) A further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xiii), wherein R³ represents hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR³¹R³², —CO—NHR³¹, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, or —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², and wherein k, n, R³¹ and R³² are as defined in embodiment i) above.

xv) Another further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xiii), wherein R³ represents hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, —CO—NHR³¹, or —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², wherein R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, or 2-aminoethyl, R³² represents hydrogen, and k and n are as defined in embodiment i) above.

xvi) Another further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xiii), wherein R³ represents hydroxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy, 2-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy, 3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, or 2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, and wherein m, R³¹ and R³² are as defined in embodiment i) above.

xvii) A still further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xiii), wherein R³ represents hydroxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, or 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, wherein R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, 2-aminoethyl, or 2-carboxyethyl, R³² represents hydrogen, and wherein m is as defined in embodiment i) above.

xviii) Another further preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xiii), wherein R³ represents —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHSO₂R³³, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³—OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHCOR³⁴, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHCOR³⁴, or —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴ and wherein k, m, n, R³³ and R³⁴ are as in embodiment i) above.

xix) A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xviii), wherein R⁵ and R⁶ represent methyl, or together form a carbocyclic 3-, or 4-membered ring.

xx) Another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to thiophene derivatives according to any one of embodiments i) to xix), wherein R⁷ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.

xxi) Specific thiophene derivatives according to Formula (I) are:

-   3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[3-chloro-4-((S)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-((S)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylamino-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-{4-[3-(3-ethoxy-propylamino)-2-hydroxy-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-{4-[3-(2-amino-ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-propoxy]-3,5-di     methyl-phenyl}-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-(3-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-propionic     acid, -   1-(3-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic     acid, -   3-[3-chloro-4-((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3-chloro-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-{3-chloro-4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-propoxy]-5-methoxy-phenyl}-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-{4-[3-(2-amino-ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-propoxy]-3-chloro-5-methoxy-phenyl}-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-(3-[2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-propionic     acid, -   1-(3-{2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic     acid, -   (E)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-((S)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-((R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one, -   3-{4-[3-(3-ethoxy-propylamino)-2-hydroxy-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-[3-(2-amino-ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-propionic     acid, -   3-[4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-3-chloro-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(3-amino-propoxy)-3-chloro-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(2-ethylamino-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-isopropylamino-ethoxy)-3,5-di     methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{4-[2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{4-[2-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-ethoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one, -   3-{4-[2-(2-amino-ethylamino)-ethoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(3-amino-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   3-[4-(3-ethylamino-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-isopropylamino-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{4-[3-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one, -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{4-[3-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one,     and -   3-{4-[3-(2-amino-ethylamino)-propoxy]-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl}-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one.

xxii) Specific preferred thiophene derivatives according to Formula (I) are further:

-   N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[ -   1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[ -   1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol -   3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   N-(3-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[5-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-diethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylamino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(2-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thio-phen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   ethanesulfonic acid     (2-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-amide; -   N-(2-{2,6-diethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(2-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(2-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-ethyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-ethyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   N-(2-∴2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(2-{2,6-diethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(2-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(2-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(2-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(2-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-ethyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   N-(2-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-ethyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-methylamino-propoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2,6-diethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   3-[4-(3-Amino-propoxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylamino-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   ethanesulfonic acid     (3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-amide; -   methanesulfamic acid     (3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-amide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   ethanesulfonic acid     (3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-amide; -   methanesulfamic acid     (3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-amide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-methanesulfonamide; -   (3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-acetic     acid methyl ester; -   3-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-propionic     acid methyl ester; -   1-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic     acid methyl ester; -   (3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-acetic     acid ethyl ester; -   3-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propylamino)-propionic     acid ethyl ester; -   1-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester; -   1-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-azetidine-3-carboxylic     acid; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-{3-ethyl-4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-propoxy]-5-methyl-phenyl}-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2,6-diethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   N-(3-{2,6-diethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   N-(3-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-3-methoxy-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-di     methyl-phenyl}-propionamide; -   3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-propionamide; -   3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-propionamide; -   3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)-propionamide; -   (3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propionylamino)-acetic     acid methyl ester; -   3-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propionylamino)-propionic     acid methyl ester; -   3-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propionylamino)-propionic     acid; -   3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-propionamide; -   3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)-propionamide; -   (3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionylamino)-acetic     acid; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[3-ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{2-ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-propyl)-3-methylamino-propionamide; -   N-(2-amino-ethyl)-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-benzenesulfonamide; -   N-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   3-{2-ethyl-4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[ -   1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-propionamide; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenylamino)-ethanone; -   1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenylamino]-ethanone; -   1-(5,5-diethyl-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-((S)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-diethyl-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[3-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[3-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-((S)-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methylamino-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-diethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-diethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propylamino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; -   3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl)-propionamide; -   N-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionamide; -   (3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionylamino)-acetic     acid methyl ester; -   (3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionylamino)-acetic     acid; -   1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[3-ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; -   N-(3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; -   1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenylamino)-ethanone;     and -   1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenylamino]-ethanone.

A further aspect of the invention relates to novel compounds of the Formula (II)

wherein

R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are as defined for Formula (I) above; and

R⁸ represents hydroxy, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, or methyl;

and configurational isomers such as optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as racemates, diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomers, diastereomeric racemates, and mixtures of diastereomeric racemates, as well as salts and solvent complexes of such compounds, and morphological forms.

A further aspect of the invention relates to novel compounds of the Formula (III),

wherein A, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and n are as defined for Formula (I) above;

and configurational isomers such as optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as racemates, diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomers, diastereomeric racemates, and mixtures of diastereomeric racemates, as well as salts and solvent complexes of such compounds, and morphological forms.

The compounds of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be used as medicaments, e.g. in the form of pharmaceutical compositions for enteral, parental or topical administration. They can be administered, for example, perorally, e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragées, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions, rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories, parenterally, e.g. in the form of injection solutions or infusion solutions, or topically, e.g. in the form of ointments, creams or oils.

The production of the pharmaceutical compositions can be effected in a manner which will be familiar to any person skilled in the art (see for example Mark Gibson, Editor, Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation, IHS Health Group, Englewood, Colo., USA, 2001; Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Edition, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science) by bringing the described compounds of Formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, optionally in combination with other therapeutically valuable substances, into a galenical administration form together with suitable, non-toxic, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carrier materials and, if desired, usual pharmaceutical adjuvants.

The pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an activated immune system.

Such diseases or disorders are selected from the group consisting of rejection of transplanted organs such as kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, cornea, and skin; graft-versus-host diseases brought about by stem cell transplantation; autoimmune syndromes including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, thyroiditis such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, uveo-retinitis; atopic diseases such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis; asthma; type I diabetes; post-infectious autoimmune diseases including rheumatic fever and post-infectious glomerulonephritis; solid cancers and tumor metastasis.

Preferably, the diseases or disorders to be prevented or treated with the compounds of Formula (I) are selected from the group consisting of rejection of transplanted organs selected from kidney, liver, heart and lung; graft-versus-host diseases brought about by stem cell transplantation; autoimmune syndromes selected from rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; and atopic dermatitis.

The present invention also relates to a method for the prevention or treatment of a disease or disorder mentioned herein comprising administering to a patient a pharmaceutically active amount of a compound of Formula (I).

Furthermore, the compounds of the Formula (I) are also useful, in combination with one or several immunomodulating agents, for the prevention and/or treatment of the diseases and disorders mentioned herein. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said agents are selected from the group consisting of immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, NSAID's, cytotoxic drugs, adhesion molecule inhibitors, cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, cytokine receptor antagonists and recombinant cytokine receptors.

Still a further object of the present invention is a process to prepare a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the Formula (I) by mixing one or more active ingredients with inert excipients in a manner known per se.

The present invention also relates to the use of a compound of Formula (I) for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, optionally for use in combination with one or several immunomodulating agents, for the prevention and/or treatment of the diseases and disorders mentioned herein.

The present invention also relates to pro-drugs of a compound of Formula (I) that convert in vivo to the compound of Formula (I) as such. Any reference to a compound of Formula (I) is therefore to be understood as referring also to the corresponding pro-drugs of the compound of Formula (I), as appropriate and expedient.

The compounds of Formula (I) can be manufactured by the methods given below, by the methods given in the Examples or by analogous methods. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvents used, but such conditions can be determined by a person skilled in the art by routine optimisation procedures.

Compounds of the Formula (I) of the present invention can be prepared according to the general sequence of reactions outlined below. Only a few of the synthetic possibilities leading to compounds of Formula (I) are described.

In case A represents —CONH—CH₂—, the compounds of the Formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 1 with a compound of Structure 2 in the presence of an activating agent such as EDC, DCC, HOBt, BOP, PyBOP, BOP—Cl, etc. in a solvent such as THF, dioxane, DMF, DCM, acetonitrile, etc.

In case A represents —CO—CH₂—CH₂—, the compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 3 with a compound of Structure 4 under Grignard conditions, preferably at temperatures below rt. The Grignard reagent of Structure 4 is prepared according to standard methodology. The functional groups present in the residues R¹ to R⁴ may require temporary protection or may even be introduced in additional steps that follow the Grignard reaction. The Weinreb amide compound of Structure 3 is prepared by treating a compound of Structure 1 with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a coupling reagent such as EDC, DCC, etc. (M. Mentzel, H. M. R. Hoffmann, N-Methoxy N-methyl amides (Weinreb amides) in modern organic synthesis, Journal fuer Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 339 (1997), 517-524; J. Singh, N. Satyamurthi, I. S. Aidhen, The growing synthetic utility of Weinreb's amide, Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Weinheim, Germany) 342 (2000) 340-347; V. K. Khlestkin, D. G. Mazhukin, Recent advances in the application of N,O-dialkylhydroxylamines in organic chemistry, Current Organic Chemistry 7 (2003), 967-993).

In case A represents —CO—CH═CH—, the compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 5 with a compound of Structure 6 in the presence of a base or an acid. Compounds of Formula (I) wherein A represents —CO—CH₂—CH₂— may also be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula (I) wherein A represents —CO—CH═CH— (Structure 7) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd/C, Pt/C, PtO₂, etc. in a solvent such as ethanol, methanol, THF, etc.

Compounds of the Formula (I) wherein A represents —CO—CH₂—O— or —CO—CH₂—NH— may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 8 with a compound of Structure 9 in the presence or absence of a base such as K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, K-tert.butoxide, NaOH, NaH, triethylamine, DIPEA, etc. in a solvent such as acetone, DMF, THF, dioxane, etc. or mixtures thereof. The compounds of Structure 8 can be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 5 with a brominating agent such as phenyltrimethylammoniumbromid dibromide, benzyltrimethylammonium-tribromid, triphenylphosphine dibromide, etc. in a solvent such as DCM, chloroform, THF, diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, etc., or mixtures thereof.

Compounds of Structure 5 may be prepared by treating a compound of Structure 1 with MeLi in a solvent such as diethyl ether, THF, dioxane, at temperatures between −20 and 50° C. Alternatively, a compound of Structure 5 may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 3 with methylmagnesium bromide.

Compounds of Formula (I), wherein Formula (I) represents a 5-thiophen-2-yl-[1,2,4]oxadiazole derivative, are prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 10 in a solvent such as xylene, toluene, benzene, pyridine, DMF, dichloromethane, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc. at rt or elevated temperatures in the presence or absence of auxiliaries such as acids (e.g. TFA, acetic acid, HCl, etc.), bases (e.g. NaH, NaOAc, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, triethylamine, etc.), tetraalkylammonium salts, or water removing agents (e.g. oxalyl chloride, a carboxylic acid anhydride, POCl₃, PCl₅, P₄O₁₀, molecular sieves, etc.) (Lit: e.g. A. R. Gangloff, J. Litvak, E. J. Shelton, D. Sperandio, V. R. Wang, K. D. Rice, Tetrahedron Lett. 42 (2001), 1441-1443; T. Suzuki, K. Iwaoka, N. Imanishi, Y. Nagakura, K. Miyta, H. Nakahara, M. Ohta, T. Mase, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 47 (1999), 120-122; R. F. Poulain, A. L. Tartar, B. P. Déprez, Tetrahedron Lett. 42 (2001), 1495-1498; R. M. Srivastava, F. J. S. Oliveira, D. S. Machado, R. M. Souto-Maior, Synthetic Commun. 29 (1999), 1437-1450; E. O. John, J. M. Shreeve, Inorganic Chemistry 27 (1988), 3100-3104; B. Kaboudin, K. Navaee, Heterocycles 60 (2003), 2287-2292).

Compounds of Structure 10 may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 1 with a compound of Structure 11 in a solvent such as DMF, THF, etc. in the presence or absence of one or more coupling agents such as TBTU, DCC, EDC, HBTU, HOBt, CDI, etc. and in the presence or absence of a base such as triethylamine, Hünig's base, NaH, K₂CO₃, etc. (Lit: e.g. A. Hamze, J.-F. Hernandez, P. Fulcrand, J. Martinez, J. Org. Chem. 68 (2003) 7316-7321; and the literature cited above).

Compounds of Structure 11 may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 12 with hydroxylamine or one of its salts in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, pyridine, etc. in the presence or absence of a base such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, triethylamine, etc. (Lit: e.g. T. Suzuki, K. Iwaoka, N. Imanishi, Y. Nagakura, K. Miyta, H. Nakahara, M. Ohta, T. Mase, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 47 (1999), 120-122; J. Cui, D. Crich, D. Wink, M. Lam, A. L. Rheingold, D. A. Case, W. T. Fu, Y. Zhou, M. Rao, A. J. Olson, M. E. Johnson, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003), 3379-3392; R. Miller, F. Lang, Z. J. Song, D. Zewge, WO 2004/035538 (Merck & Co., Inc., USA); B. Kaboudin, K. Navaee, Heterocycles 60 (2003), 2287-2292).

Depending on the nature of the functionalities present in the residues R¹ to R⁴ in Structures 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12, these functionalities may require temporary protection. Appropriate protecting groups are known to a person skilled in the art and include e.g. a benzyl or a trialkylsilyl group to protect an alcohol, a ketal to protect a diol, etc. These protecting groups may be employed according to standard methodology (e.g. T. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3^(rd) Edition, Wiley N.Y., 1991; P. J. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme Stuttgart, 1994). Alternatively, the desired residues R¹ to R⁴ may also be introduced in later steps that follow the reaction of a compound of Structure 1, 3, 5 or 8 with a suitable precursor of a compound of Structure 2, 4, 6, 9 and 11, respectively. The compounds of Structure 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 or their precursors are either commercially available or are prepared according to procedures known to a person skilled in the art.

Compounds of Formula (I), wherein R³ is —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR³¹R³² can be prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid of Formula (III),

wherein A, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and n are as defined for Formula (I) above, with an amine HNR³¹R³² in the presence of an activating agent such as EDC, DCC, HOBt, BOP, PyBOP, BOP—Cl, etc. in a solvent such as THF, dioxane, DMF, DCM, acetonitrile, etc. Compounds of Formula (III) can be prepared as described above from compounds of Structure 2, 6, 9 or 12, wherein R³ is —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—COOH. Compounds of Structure 12, wherein R³ is —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—COOH can be prepared from compounds of Structure 6, wherein R³ is —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—COOH by methods well known in the art. Compounds of Structure 6, wherein R³ is —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—COOH can be prepared by well known methods e.g. via a sequence of Heck reaction followed by catalytic hydrogenation from compounds of Structure 6, wherein R³ is —O—SO₂—CF₃, bromo or iodo. Compounds of Structure 6, wherein R³ is —O—SO₂—CF₃, bromo or iodo are either known or can be prepared according to known procedures.

Compounds of Structure 1 may be prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 13 with an aqueous base such as aq. NaOH, aq. LiOH, aq. KOH, etc. or an acid such as aq. HCl, TFA, etc. in a solvent such as water, ethanol, methanol, THF, etc. or mixtures thereof.

The compounds of Structure 13 are prepared by treating a compound of Structure 14 with a non aqueous base such as NaOMe, NaOEt, KO-tert.-Bu, DBU, etc. in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF, DMF, etc. or mixtures thereof, preferably at elevated temperatures.

The compounds of Structure 14 are prepared by treating a compound of Structure 15 with a 2-mercaptoacetic acid ester in the presence of a base such a NaH, NaOEt, NaOMe, K tert.-butoxide, etc. in THF, dioxane, DMF, ethanol, methanol, etc. or mixtures thereof. In addition, the compounds of Structure 1 may also be prepared in a one-pot three step procedure starting from a compound of Structure 15 following the above reaction sequence.

The compounds of Structure 15 are prepared by reacting a compound of Structure 16 with a chlorinating agent such as oxalylchloride in a solvent such as DCM, CHCl₃, THF, etc. (Lit. e.g. R. E. Mewshaw, Richard E. Tetrahedron Lett. 30 (1989), 3753-3756; F. A. Lakhvich, T. S. Khlebnikova, A. A. Akhrem, Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii 25 (1989), 2541-2549).

The compounds of Structure 16 may be prepared by acylating a compound of Structure 17 with an appropriate acylating agent such as ethy or methyl formate, methyl or ethyl acetate, methyl or ethyl propionate, chloroformate, acetyl chloride, etc. in the presence of a base such as K-tert. butylate, NaOMe, NaH, LDA, etc. in a solvent such as THF, toluene, EtOH etc. at temperatures between 0 and 60° C. (Lit. e.g. Ch. Kashima, S. Shibata, H. Yokoyama, T. Nishio, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 40 (2003), 773-782; I. Yavari, Issa; M. Bayat, Tetrahedron 59 (2003), 2001-2005; J. P. Konopelski, J. Lin, P. J. Wenzel, H. Deng, G. I. Elliott, B. S. Gerstenberger, Organic Letters 4 (2002) 4121-4124; C. Wiles, P. Watts, S. J. Haswell, E. Pombo-Villar, Tetrahedron Letters 43 (2002), 2945-2948; R. Faure, A. Frideling, J.-P. Galy, I. Alkorta, J. Elguero, Heterocycles 57 (2002) 307-316; via imine: M. Hammadi, D. Villemin, Synthetic Communications 26 (1996) 2901-2904).

The compounds of Structure 17 are either commercially available or are prepared according to procedures known to a person skilled in the art (Lit. e.g. M. E. Flaugh, T. A. Crowell, D. S. Farlow, Journal of Organic Chemistry 45 (1980) 5399-5400; A. M. Badger, M. J. Dimartino, C. K. Mirabelli, E. N. Cheeseman, J. W. Dorman, D. H. Picker, D. A. Schwartz, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 310321 A2 (1989); N. R. Natale, R. O. Hutchins, Organic Preparations and Procedures International 9 (1977), 103-108; L. M. Rice, B. S. Sheth, J. W. Wheeler, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 10 (1973) 731-735).

The compounds of Structure 1 wherein R⁷ represents an alkyl or an hydroxymethyl group may also be prepared from a compound of Structure 1 wherein R⁷ represents hydrogen by reacting the latter compound with an excess of a strong base such as n-BuLi, tert.-BuLi, LDA in a solvent such as THF, diethyl ether, etc. followed by the appropriate alkylating agent (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl iodide, formaldehyde, Lit. e.g. W.-D. Liu, C.-C. Chi, I.-F. Pai, A.-T. Wu, W.-S. Chung, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 67 (2002) 9267-9275; D. W. Knight, A. P. Nott, Tetrahedron Letters 21 (1980) 5051-5054; R. Raap, Canadian Journal of Chemistry 49 (1971) 2155-2157). The compounds of Structure 1 wherein R⁷ represents hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, methoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, amino, or mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino may be prepared from a compound of Structure 18 following procedures known to a person skilled in the art (Lit. e.g. F. Wuerthner, S. Yao, T. Debaerdemaeker, R. Wortmann, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 9431-9447). A compound of Structure 18 may be prepared from a compound of Structure 1 wherein R⁷ represents hydrogen e.g. by treating a compound of Structure 1 with Br₂ in acetic acid. (Lit. e.g. G. A. Diaz-Quijada, N. Weinberg, S. Holdcroft, B. M. Pinto, Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106 (2002) 1266-1276; G. Karminski-Zamola, J. Dogan, M. Bajic, J. Blazevic, M. Malesevic, Heterocycles 38 (1994), 759-67; R. H. Mitchell, Y. Chen, J. Zhang, Organic Preparations and Procedures International 29 (1997) 715-719; F. Wuerthner, S. Yao, T. Debaerdemaeker, R. Wortmann, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 9431-9447; K. Yamagata, Y. Tomioka, M. Yamazaki, T. Matsuda, K. Noda, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30 (1982) 4396-401).

EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate the invention but do not at all limit the scope thereof.

All temperatures are stated in degrees Celsius. Compounds are characterized by ¹H-NMR (300 MHz) or ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz) (Varian Oxford; chemical shifts are given in ppm relative to the solvent used; multiplicities: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet; p=pentuplet, hex=hexet, hept=heptet, m=multiplet, br=broad, coupling constants are given in Hz); by LC-MS (Finnigan Navigator with HP 1100 Binary Pump and DAD, column: 4.6×50 mm, Zorbax SB-AQ, 5 μm, 120 Å, gradient: 5-95% acetonitrile in water, 1 min, with 0.04% trifluoroacetic acid, flow: 4.5 mL/min), t_(R) is given in min; by TLC (TLC-plates from Merck, Silica gel 60 F₂₅₄); or by melting point. Compounds are purified by preparative HPLC (column: X-terra RP18, 50×19 mm, 5 μm, gradient: 10-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% of formic acid) or by MPLC (Labomatic MD-80-100 pump, Linear UVIS-201 detector, column: 350×18 mm, Labogel-RP-18-5s-100, gradient: 10% methanol in water to 100% methanol).

Abbreviations (As Used Herein)

-   aq. aqueous -   atm atmosphere -   BOC tert-butyloxycarbonyl -   BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium     hexafluorophosphate -   BOP—Cl bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphinic acid chloride -   BSA bovine serum albumin -   Bu butyl -   CC column chromatography -   CDI carbonyl diimidazole -   DBU 1,8-diazabicylo[5.4.0]undec-7-en -   DCC dicyclohexyl carbodiimide -   DCM dichloromethane -   DDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone -   DIPEA diisopropyl-ethylamine, Hünig's base, ethyl-diisopropylamine -   DMF dimethylformamide -   DMSO dimethylsulfoxide -   DPPP 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-propane -   EA ethyl acetate -   EDC N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl-carbodiimide -   eq. equivalent(s) -   Et ethyl -   Ex. example -   h hour(s) -   HBTU O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium     hexafluorophosphate -   HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole -   HPLC high performance liquid chromatography -   HV high vacuum conditions -   LC-MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry -   LDA lithiumdiisopropylamide -   Me methyl -   min minute(s) -   MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography -   NMO N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide -   OAc acetate -   prep. preparative -   PyBOP     benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris-pyrolidino-phosphonium-hexafluoro-phosphat -   rt room temperature -   sat. saturated -   S1P sphingosine 1-phosphate -   TBME tert.-Butylmethyl ether -   TBTU 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,2,3,3-tetramethyluronium     tetrafluoroborate -   TFA trifluoroacetic acid -   THF tetrahydrofuran -   TLC thin layer chromatography -   t_(R) retention time

Methanesulfonic Aid 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxan-5-ylmethyl ester

The title compound is prepared following the procedures given in B. Xu, A. Stephens, G. Kirschenheuter, A. F. Greslin, X. Cheng, J. Sennelo, M. Cattaneo, M. L. Zighetti, A. Chen, S.-A. Kim, H. S. Kim, N. Bischofberger, G. Cook, K. A. Jacobson, J. Med. Chem. 45 (2002) 5694-5709.

3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzaldehyde is prepared from commercially available 2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenol following literature procedures (G. Trapani, A. Latrofa, M. Franco, C. Altomare, E. Sanna, M. Usala, G. Biggio, G. Liso, J. Med. Chem. 41 (1998) 1846-1854; A. K. Chakraborti, G. Kaur, Tetrahedron 55 (1999) 13265-13268; E. Meyer, A. C. Joussef, H. Gallardo, Synthesis 2003, 899-905); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.83 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 5.30 (s br, 1H), 2.69 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

3,5-Diethyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde is prepared from commercially available 2,6-diethylaniline following literature procedures (R. Breslow, K. Groves, M. U. Mayer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 3622-3635, and literature cited for Aldehyde 1); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.85 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 2H), 5.37 (s br, 1H), 2.68 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 1.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

a) To a solution of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (5.0 g, 33.3 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) and pyridine (8 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (6 mL, 36.6 mmol) is slowly added at 0° C. Upon complete addition, stirring is continued for 2 h at rt. The reaction mixture is diluted with EA and washed three times with water. The separated organic layer is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 4:1 to give trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl ester (5.3 g) as a slightly yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.04 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.97 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 2H), 2.48 (s, 6H).

b) To a stirred solution of trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl ester (4.7 g, 16.7 mmol) in dry DMF (75 mL) under argon is sequentially added at rt triethylamine (3.4 g, 33.3 mmol), methyl acrylate (14.3 g, 167 mmol), 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-propane (378 mg, 0.92 mmol) and Pd(OAc)₂ (187 mg, 0.83 mmol). The mixture is heated to 115° C. and stirred for 5 h. The mixture is diluted with diethyl ether (350 mL) and washed twice with aq. 1 N HCl and once with sat. aq. NaHCO₃. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The residue is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 5:1 to give 3-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (2.9 g) as a slightly yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.96 min.

c) To a solution of 3-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (2.9 g, 13.3 mmol) in methanol (70 mL), 2 N aq. NaOH (35 mL) is added. The suspension is stirred for 30 min at rt. Methanol is evaporated and the aq. solution is extracted twice with DCM. The aq. layer is acidified with 2 N aq. HCl and extracted twice with EA. The combined EA extracts are dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is recrystallized from EA to give 3-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (2.2 g) as pale yellow crystals; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.83 min; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 12.65 (s br, 1H), 9.92 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (s, 2H), 6.12 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (s, 6H).

a) To a solution of 3-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (2.2 g, 10.8 mmol) and DIPEA (2.0 mL, 11.9 mmol) in ethanol (80 mL), Pd/C (200 mg, 10% Pd, moistened with 50% water) is added. The suspension is vigorously stirred under 1 bar of H₂ for 1 h. The mixture is filtered over Celite and the filtrate is evaporated. The residue is poured onto 1 N aq. HCl/ice and extracted with EA. The organic extract is washed once with 1 N aq. HCl and once with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated to give 3-(4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (2.2 g) as a pale yellow resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.71 min.

b) To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (960 mg, 4.6 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL), MnO₂ (1440 mg, 16.6 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 4.5 h before it is filtered. The filtrate is evaporated and the crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM containing 8% of methanol to give 3-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (800 mg) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.81 min; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 12.2 (s br, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 2H), 2.93-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.30 (m, 8H).

3-(2-Ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid is prepared in analogy to Aldehyde 3; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.87 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.98 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.59 8 s, 1H), 6.13 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

3-(2-Ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid is prepared in analogy to Aldhehyde 4 starting from Aldehyde 5; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.86 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.93 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 3.11-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.75 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.56-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

a) To a suspension of LiAlH₄ (219 mg, 5.76 mmol) in THF (35 mL), a solution of 3-(4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (1.0 g, 4.80 mmol, intermediate from Aldehyde 4) in THF (10 mL) is added dropwise. Upon complete addition the suspension is refluxed for 2 h. The suspension is diluted with THF (10 mL) and another portion of LiAlH₄ (182 mg, 4.80 mmol) is added. The mixture is refluxed for further two hours, then cooled with an ice-bath. The reaction is carefully quenched by adding sat. aq. NH₄Cl solution (2 mL) followed by 2 N aq. HCl until a clear solution forms. The mixture is diluted with water and extracted twice with EA. The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to leave 3-(4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-ol (920 mg) as a colourless crystalline solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.70 min, [M+1−H₂O]⁺=177.20.

b) To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-ol (850 mg, 4.38 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL), MnO₂ (1.14 g, 13.1 mmol) is added and the resulting suspension is stirred at 85° C. for 24 h. The mixture is filtered through celite and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM containing 3% of methanol to give 4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde as a pale yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.81 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.89 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 2H), 3.76 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.81-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.68 (m, 2H).

3-Ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-benzaldehyde is prepared in analogy to Aldehyde 7; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.86 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.92 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 3.72 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.83-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.74 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

a) To a solution of 4-chlorosulfonylbenzoic acid (5.8 g, 25.2 mmol) in DCM (200 mL), a solution of methylamine (52.15 mL, 2 M in THF) is added. The mixture is stirred overnight at rt before the solvent is evaporated. The residue is dissolved in sat. aq. NH₄Cl solution and extracted with EA. The organic extract is washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give 4-methylsulfamoyl-benzoic acid (3.77 g) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.64 min.

b) At 0° C., borane-THF complex (66.8 mL, 1 M in THF) is carefully added to a solution of 4-methylsulfamoyl-benzoic acid (3.56 g, 16.5 mmol) in THF (90 mL). The mixture is refluxed for 1.5 h, cooled to rt and diluted with 1 N aq. HCl (175 mL). The mixture is extracted with EA and the organic extract is washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃, dried over MgSO₄ and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated and the crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM containing 5% of methanol to give 4-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (1.61 g) as a colourless oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.56 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]⁺=243.14.

c) A solution of 4-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (1.61 g, 8.0 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) is added to a mixture of MnO₂ (16.1 g, 167 mmol) in DCM (65 mL). The mixture is stirred at rt for 15 min, filtered over celite and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give 4-formyl-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (651 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.68 min; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 10.08 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.98-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.68 (s br, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H).

4-Formyl-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide is prepared in analogy to Aldehyde 9; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.60 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 10.01 (s, 1H), 8.07-8.02 (m, 4H), 5.10 8 t br, J=5 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.15 (m, 2H).

To a solution of 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (29.8 g, 0.22 mol) in dioxane (300 mL) DDQ (49.9 g, 0.22 mol) is added. The brown suspension is stirred at rt for 18 h before it is filtered. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated and the crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EA 1:1 to give 4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (5.0 g) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.78 min, [M+1]⁺=150.26.

To dry methanol (190 mL) is carefully added K-tert.-butylate (18.68 g, 166 mmol) followed by hydroxylamine hydrochloride (9.92 g, 143 mmol). The suspension is stirred for 30 min before 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (7.00 g, 147 mmol) is added. The mixture is refluxed for 32 h, then the suspension is diluted by adding 2 N aq. HCl. The solution is extracted twice with DCM (100 mL). The aq. layer is basified (pH 9) by adding solid NaHCO₃ and extracted five times with DCM followed by four times with EA. The combined organic layers are dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to dryness to give 4,N-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzamidine (7.9 g) as a colourless solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.62 min, [M+1]⁺=181.14.

Hydroxyamidine 2

3-Ethyl-4,N-dihydroxy-5-methyl-benzamidine is prepared from commercially available 2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenol following literature procedures (G. Trapani, A. Latrofa, M. Franco, C. Altomare, E. Sanna, M. Usala, G. Biggio, G. Liso, J. Med. Chem. 41 (1998) 1846-1854; A. K. Chakraborti, G. Kaur, Tetrahedron 55 (1999) 13265-13268; E. Meyer, A. C. Joussef, H. Gallardo, Synthesis 2003, 899-905); LC-MS: t_(R)=0.55 min; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 9.25 (s br, 1H), 7.21 (s, 2H), 5.56 (s, 2H), 2.55 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Hydroxyamidine 3

a) To an ice-cooled solution of 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (10.0 g, 60.9 mmol, Aldehyde 1) in DCM (50 mL) and pyridine (15 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride (18.9 g, 67 mmol) is added over a period of 20 min. Upon complete addition, the ice bath is removed and the reaction is stirred for further 2 hours at rt. The mixture is diluted with DCM (150 mL), washed three times with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 9:1 to give trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl ester (10.75 g) as a pale yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.07 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.98 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 2.85 (q, J=10.1 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.30 (t, J=10.2 Hz, 3H).

b) To a stirred solution of the above triflate (10.7 g, 36.1 mmol) in dry DMF (75 mL) is sequentially added triethylamine (7.3 g, 72.2 mmol), methyl acrylate (31.1 g, 361 mmol), DPPP (819 mg, 1.99 mmol) and Pd(OAc)₂ (405 mg, 1.81 mmol) under nitrogen. The mixture is stirred at 115° C. for 5 h, cooled to rt, diluted with diethyl ether (350 mL) and washed twice with 1 N aq. HCl and once with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The residue is purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 19:1 to give 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (5.93 g) as a colourless liquid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.99 min.

c) A suspension of 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (5.93 g, 25.53 mmol) in methanol (140 mL) and 2 N aq. NaOH (45 mL) is stirred at rt for 1 h. The methanol is evaporated and the aq. solution is extracted twice with DCM. The aq. layer is acidified with 37% aq. HCl. The precipitate that forms is collected, washed with water and dried. The product is further purified by recrystallisation from EA (100 mL) to give 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (4.2 g) as yellow crystals; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.87 min.

d) To a solution of 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (2.75 g, 12.6 mmol) and DIPEA (1.8 g, 13.8 mmol) in ethanol (80 mL), Pd/C (275 mg, 10% Pd, moistened with 50% water) is added. The mixture is stirred for 16 h at rt under 1 atm of H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated. The residue is dissolved in EA, washed with 2 N aq. HCl, followed by 1 N aq. HCl and brine. The organic extract is dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give 3-(2-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (2.8 g) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.76 min.

e) A solution of 3-(2-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (2.8 g, 12.6 mmol) in acetic acid (50 mL) is treated with MnO₂ (3.9 g, 45.4 mmol) and the resulting mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM to give 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (1.76 g) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.86 min.

f) A solution of 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (1.67 g, 7.58 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (780 mg, 11.36 mmol) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is heated to 80° C. for 30 min in the microwave (300 W, active cooling during irradiation). The reaction mixture is diluted with diethyl ether and washed with water and brine. The organic extract is dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give 3-(4-cyano-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (1.55 g) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.89 min, ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 12.25 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 5H), 1.14 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

g) Potassium tert. butoxide (2.71 g, 24.1 mmol) is carefully dissolved in methanol (25 mL). To this solution hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.44 g, 20.7 mmol) followed by 3-(4-cyano-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (1.50 g, 6.90 mmol) dissolved in methanol (7.5 mL) is added. The mixture is refluxed for 8 h and the solvent is evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 2 N aq. HCl and extracted with EA. The pH of the aq. phase is adjusted to pH 5 by adding sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and the mixture is extracted three times with EA. The combined organic extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, evaporated and dried to give 3-[2-ethyl-4-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-6-methyl-phenyl]-propionic acid (1.4 g) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.60 min, [M+1]⁺=251.17.

Hydroxyamidine 4

A mixture of 4-hydroxymethylbenzonitrile (5.0 g, 37.6 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.87 g, 41.3 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (4.10 g, 48.8 mmol) in methanol (200 mL) is refluxed for 20 h, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give N-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-benzamidine (7.1 g) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.22 min.

Example A

a) To a solution of 4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (50 g, 403 mmol) in EA (230 mL) a suspension of Pd/C (2.5 g, 10% Pd) in EA is added. The suspension is stirred at rt for 2 h under 1 bar H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent of the filtrate is carefully evaporated to give 4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (50 g) as a colourless oil which slowly crystallizes; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.34 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 4H), 1.66 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 4H), 1.09 (s, 6H).

b) To an ice-cold solution of K. tert.-butylate (24.5 g, 109 mmol, 50% solution in tert.-butanol) in THF (700 mL) ethylformate (120 mL, 123 mmol) is slowly added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 30 min before a solution of 4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (50 g, 396 mmol) in ethylformate (50 mL) and THF (70 mL) is added over a period of 20 min. Upon complete addition, stirring is continued at 15-20° C. for 30 min. The orange suspension is poured onto 10% aq. citric acid solution (200 mL) and brine (200 mL) and extracted with EA (2×200 mL). The organic extracts are washed with 0.2 N aq. NaOH and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to dryness to give 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (52 g) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.89 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]⁺=196.15.

c) To a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (51 g, 331 mmol) in chloroform (250 mL), oxalyl chloride (40 mL, 465 mmol) is rapidly added. After stirring for 3-4 min ice followed by 2 N aq. NaOH (100 mL) is added. The organic phase is separated and the aq. phase is extracted once more with chloroform. The combined organic extracts are washed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give 2-chloromethylene-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (50 g) as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.96 min.

d) To a part (300 mL) of a freshly prepared solution of sodium (21 g, 875 mmol) in ethanol (500 mL), mercaptoacetic acid ethyl ester (50 mL) is added. The resulting solution is added over a period of 10 min to a solution of 2-chloromethylene-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (50 g, 290 mmol) in THF (170 mL). The mixture becomes warm (50° C.). Upon complete addition, the remaining part of the freshly prepared solution of sodium in ethanol (200 mL) is added to the reaction mixture. The mixture is stirred at rt for 15 min before 1 N aq. LiOH solution (300 mL) is added. The solution is refluxed for 3 h, then stirred at rt for 16 h. The THF and ethanol are removed under reduced pressure and the remaining dark solution is extracted with heptane/EA 3:1 (2×200 mL). The aq. phase is acidified by adding citric acid (30 g) and 2 N aq. HCl (200 mL) and then extracted three times with EA. The combined organic extracts are washed three times with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The resulting dark brown oil is dissolved in acetonitrile at 60° C. and crystallised at 5° C. The crystals are collected, washed with acetonitrile and dried to give 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (31 g) as a slightly grey powder; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.95 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]⁺=252.18; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.15 (s, 1H), 3.05 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (s, 2H), 1.58 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example B

Example B is obtained following the procedures described in Example A omitting the final hydrolysis with aq. LiOH in step d). MPLC purification of the black oil obtained after work-up gives 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.10 min, [M+1]⁺=239.12; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.20 (s, 1H), 4.24 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 2H), 1.57 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.33 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Example C

At −78° C. a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (5 g, 23.8 mmol) in THF is treated with tert.-butyllithium (41 mL, 1.5 M in pentane). The mixture is stirred at −78° C. for 15 min before methyliodide (17.1 g, 120 mmol) is added dropwise. Stirring is continued at −78° C. for 30 min. The mixture is warmed to rt, diluted with water (400 mL), acidified with 10% aq. citric acid solution and extracted three times with EA. The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The remaining solid is suspended in heptane/diethyl ether, filtered and dried under HV to give 3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (4.01 g) as a beige powder; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.97 min, [M+1]=225.13; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 12.49 (s br, 1H), 2.87 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 5H), 1.45 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 0.91 (s, 6H).

Example D

a) To a suspension of NaH (2.88 g, 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 60 mmol) in toluene (25 mL), EA (6.5 mL, 66 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 5 min before a solution of 4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (2.52 g, 20 mmol) in EA (6 mL) is added. The mixture is heated to 55° C. where a vigorous reaction starts. The white to grey suspension turns orange and becomes clear. The clear solution is poured onto ice/water and is extracted with EA. The aq. phase is acidified to pH 4-5 and extracted once more with EA. The combined organic extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give 2-acetyl-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (2.00 g) as a yellow oil; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.35 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (s, 2H), 2.10 (s, 1H), 1.48 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (s, 6H).

b) At 0° C., a solution of 2-acetyl-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (5.00 g, 29.7 mmol) in chloroform (15 mL) is treated with oxalyl chloride (7.54 g, 59.4 mmol). The mixture is heated to 60° C. and stirred for 15 min before it is poured onto water. The organic phase is separated, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution and brine, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to dryness to give crude 2-(1-chloro-ethylidene)-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (3.2 g, containing regio-isomer) as a brown oil, LC-MS: t_(R)=1.00 min.

c) To a mixture of NaOEt (10 mL of a 2.5 M solution in ethanol, 25 mmol) in THF (10 mL) mercaptoacetic acid ethyl ester (3.09 g, 25.7 mmol) followed by a solution of the above 2-(1-chloro-ethylidene)-4,4-dimethyl-cyclohexanone (3.2 g, 17.14 mmol) is added. The resulting solution is stirred at 60° C. for 45 min. The mixture is diluted with water and extracted with EA. The organic extract is dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated and purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane/toluene and then heptane/EA to give 3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3.1 g) as a brown oil containing the regio isomer 3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. An analytical sample is purified by prep. HPLC to give pure 3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a colourless oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.13 min, [M+1]=252.99; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.29 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 2H), 1.52 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.34 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Example E

To a cooled solution (−78° C.) of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (960 mg, 4.57 mmol) in THF (19 mL), tert.-butyllithium (8 mL, 1.5 M solution in pentane) is added. The mixture is stirred at −78° C. for 10 min before ethyliodide (3.80 g, 24.37 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at −78° C. for 3 h. Water/methanol 1:1 (8 mL) followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution is added and the mixture is extracted with EA. The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The remaining solid is suspended in acetonitrile (6 mL), heated to 60° C., cooled to rt, filtered and dried to give 3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (640 mg) as a slightly beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.01 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=280.10.

Example F

To a cooled (−75° C.) solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.0 g, 9.51 mmol) in THF (40 mL) tert.-butyllithium (15 mL, 1.5 N in pentane) is slowly added. The mixture is stirred at −78° C. for 15 min before n-propyliodide (5.22 g, 30.7 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued at −78° C. for 45 min before the reaction is quenched by adding water/methanol 1:1 (10 mL). The mixture is allowed to warm to rt, diluted with tert.-butyl methylether and 10% aq. citric acid solution. The mixture is extracted twice with EA, the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The crude product is purified by prep. HPLC to give 5,5-dimethyl-3-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (200 mg) as a colourless resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.04 min, [M+1]=253.31; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.98 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s br, 1H), 2.26 (s, 2H), 1.63 (hex, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (s, 6H).

Example G

To a cooled solution (−78° C.) of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.00 g, 9.51 mmol) in THF (35 mL), tert.-butyllithium (16 mL, 1.5 M solution in pentane) is added. The mixture is stirred at −78° C. for 10 min before isopropyliodide (7.60 g, 48.7 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is stirred at −78° C. for 3 h, then at rt for 3 d. The reaction mixture is diluted with water and extracted twice with EA. The combined organic extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM/TBME 20:1 followed by prep. HPLC to give 3-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (500 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.04 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=294.16.

Example H

a) To a cooled (−78° C.) solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.00 g, 9.51 mmol) in THF (40 mL), tert.-butyllithium (15.8 mL, 1.5 M in pentane) is added. The mixture is stirred at −30° C. for 30 min and cooled again to −78° C. before DMF (2 mL, 27.4 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued for 5 min. The reaction mixture is poured onto 10% aq. citric acid solution and extracted twice with EA. The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated go give crude 3-formyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.30 g) as a brownish foam, LC-MS: t_(R)=0.92 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=280.22; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 10.06 (s, 1H), 4.02 (s br, 1H), 3.06 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (s, 2H), 1.63 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.03 (s, 6H).

b) To a solution of crude 3-formyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.38 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) NaBH₄ (756 mg, 20 mmol) is added in portions. The mixture is stirred at rt for 15 min, diluted with 10% aq. citric acid and brine and extracted with TBME. The organic extract is dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give 3-hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.30 g) as a beige foam; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.83 min, [M+1]=241.22; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.69 (s, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 1.50 8 t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.94 (s, 6H).

Example I

a) To a suspension of K tert.-butylate (2.38 g, 25.2 mmol) in THF (20 mL), 3-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2.64 g, 9.77 mmol) is added in portions. To the dark violet mixture a solution of methyliodide (3.56 g, 25.1 mmol) in THF (5 mL) is slowly added. The mixture is stirred at 40° C. for 16 h before another portion of methyliodide (1.03 g, 7.23 mmol) is added at 0° C. The mixture is stirred at rt for further 24 h, is then diluted with diethyl ether and washed with brine. The organic layer is separated, dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 5:1 to give 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (539 mg) as a beige resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.07 min, [M+1]=299.10; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.33 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.90 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.20 (s, 6H).

b) To a suspension of anhydrous ZnI₂ (647 mg, 2.03 mmol) and Na(BH₃CN) (117 mg, 1.86 mmol) in DCM (5 mL), a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (539 mg, 1.81 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) is added. The yellow suspension is refluxed over night before another portion of ZnI₂ (100 mg, 0.314 mmol) and Na(BH₃CN) (26 mg, 0.419 mmol) is added. The reaction mixture is refluxed for further 24 h. The mixture is diluted with diethyl ether and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution and brine. The organic layer is separated, dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a beige resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=285.2; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.30 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example K

A solution of 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (458 mg, 1.61 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O (696 mg, 16.6 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL), THF (3 mL) and water (0.6 mL) is stirred at rt overnight. The mixture is diluted with aq. KHSO₄ and extracted with DCM. The organic extract is dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (546 mg) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.00 min, [M+1]=257.6; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.98 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 2H), 1.55 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (s, 6H).

Example L

a) A mixture of 2-ethylbutyraldehyde (12.3 mL, 100 mmol), methylvinylketone (5.6 mL, 67.3 mmol) and H₂SO₄ (0.07 mL) is stirred at 40° C. overnight. Another portion of methylvinylketone (5.6 mL, 67.3 mmol) and H₂SO₄ is added and stirring is continued at 40° C. for 2 d. The yellow solution is diluted with chloroform and the solvent is removed again under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by vacuum distillation to give 4,4-diethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (10.7 g) as a colourless oil; Kp_(11 mbar)=88° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.71 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.92 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.84 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.57-1.40 (m, 4H), 0.87 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

b) A solution of 4,4-diethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (10.7 g, 70.5 mmol) in EA (400 mL) is treated with Pd/C (1.0 g, 10% Pd). The suspension is stirred at rt for 24 h under 1 bar of H₂. The mixture is filtered, and the filtrate is evaporated to give 4,4-diethyl-cyclohexanone (11.7 g) as a colourless solid; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 2.32 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 1.66 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 1.48 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 0.88 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

c) To a suspension of K tert.-butylate (9.19 g, 81.9 mmol) in THF (250 mL), ethylformate (24.8 mL, 260 mmol) is slowly added. To the slightly turbid mixture a solution of 4,4-diethyl-cyclohexanone (11.5 g, 74.4 mmol) in ethyl formate (14 mL, 150 mmol) is added. The mixture becomes warm and is cooled with an ice-bath. The dark red to brown suspension is stirred at rt for 18 h before 10% aq. citric acid is added. The mixture is extracted with DCM and the organic extract is dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The brown oil is dissolved in chloroform (150 mL) and treated with oxaxylchloride (11.3 g, 89.1 mmol). After gas evolution has stopped, the mixture is stirred for 1 h at rt. The dark solution is washed with 2 N aq. NaOH, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to leave a black oil (11.2 g). A solution of this oil in THF (60 mL) is added to a cold solution (3° C.) of NaOEt (11.4 g, 167 mmol) and mercaptoacetic acid ethyl ester (10.0 g, 83.6 mmol) in ethanol (300 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred at rt for 2 h before another portion of NaOEt (5.69 g, 83.6 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued at rt for 16 h and at 60° C. for 2 h. The mixture is diluted with 2 N aq. HCl and is extracted twice with DCM. The combined organic extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give crude 5,5-diethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (14.2 g) as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.16 min.

Example M

A solution of 5,5-diethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (14.2 g, 53.38 mmol) in ethanol (250 mL) and 2 N aq. LiOH (250 mL) is stirred at 65° C. for 18 h. The mixture is diluted with 1 N aq. NaOH and extracted with diethyl ether. The aq. phase is acidified to pH 2 with 2 N aq. HCl and extracted with DCM. The combined DCM extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The crude product (11.3 g) is purified by MPLC on Rp-C₁₈ silica gel to give 5,5-diethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.93 g) as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.01 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=280.19; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.12 (s, 1H), 2.99 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (s, 2H), 1.59 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.84-0.74 (m, 6H).

Example N

5,5-Diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is prepared starting from 3-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester in analogy to the procedure given in Example I; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.20 min, [M+1]=313.1; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.30 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.25 (m, 7H), 0.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example O

5,5-Diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is treated with LiOH as described in Example K to give 5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.06 min, [M+1]=285.0; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.96 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 2H), 1.55 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.37-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.83 (t, J=7.3 HZ, 6H).

Example P

To a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (1051 mg, 5.0 mmol) in diethyl ether (15 mL) and THF (8 mL), methyllithium (7 mL of a 1.6 M solution in diethyl ether) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 15 min before the reaction is quenched with ethanol. The mixture is diluted with 10% aq. citric acid and extracted with TBME. The organic extract is washed three times with sat. aq. NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give crude 1-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.0 g) as a brownish oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.03 min, [M+1]=209.07.

Example Q

To a suspension of 3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (4.10 g, 18.28 mmol) in diethyl ether (300 mL), methyllithium (23 mL, 1.6 M solution in diethyl ether) is slowly added at rt. The reaction mixture becomes clear, yellow and slightly warm (26° C.), and is stirred for 15 min before it is quenched with water. The organic layer is separated, washed once more with water, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 4:1 to give 1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (2.80 g) as a pale yellow crystalline solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.06 min, [M+1]=223.17; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.00 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 2H), 1.51 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

Example R

To a solution of 3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (2.10 g, 8.81 mmol) in diethyl ether (100 mL), a solution of methyllithium (11 mL, 1.6 M solution in diethyl ether) is added at rt. The pale yellow solution is stirred at rt for 15 min before another portion of methyllithium (2 mL) is added. Stirring is continued for 15 min, a further portion of methyllithium (1 mL) is added, and the mixture is again stirred for 15 min at rt. The reaction is quenched with water. The organic layer is separated, washed once more with water, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporate. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 7:3 to give 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.65 g) as a pale yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.00 min, [M+1]=237.15; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.03 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 2H), 1.55 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.28 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example S

To a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (508 mg, 1.98 mmol) in diethyl ether (20 mL), a solution of methyllithium (1.1 mL, 1.6 M in diethyl ether) is added at rt. The mixture is stirred at rt for 1 h before another portion of methyllithium (0.25 mL) is added. Stirring is continued for 2 h. The reaction is quenched by the addition of 1 N aq. K₂HPO₄ solution. The mixture is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with 1 N aq. NaOH, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give 1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (214 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.09 min, [M+1]=255.1.

Example T

To a solution of 5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (669 mg, 2.35 mmol) in diethyl ether (20 mL), a solution of methyllithium (2.6 mL, 1.6 M in diethyl ether) is added at rt. The reaction mixture is stirred at rt for 4 h, diluted with diethyl ether, washed with 1 N aq. K₂HPO₄ solution followed by 1 N aq. NaOH, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give 1-(5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (458 mg) as a yellow oil, LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=283.1; ¹H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 2.96 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 1.56 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.35-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.83 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example U

a) To a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (715 mg, 3.0 mmol) in acetic acid (5 mL), bromine (480 mg, 3.0 mmol) is slowly added at rt. Upon completion of the addition, the mixture is heated to 50° C. and stirred for 4 h. The reaction is quenched by adding 1 N aq. NaOH and the mixture is extracted with DCM (3×50 mL). The organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated to provide crude 3-bromo-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (774 mg) as a brown oil; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.27 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.26 8 s, 2H), 1.51 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.33 8t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

b) A mixture of crude 3-bromo-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (774 mg, 2.44 mmol), CuO (99 mg, 1.25 mmol) and NaOMe (540 mg, 10 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) is refluxed for 76 h. The mixture is diluted with ether (75 mL) and extracted with 1 N aq. NaOH (2×30 mL). The aq. extracts are acidified with 2 N aq. HCl (75 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×50 mL). The organic extracts are dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated to provide crude 3-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (262 mg). This material is dissolved in dry diethyl ether (10 mL) and methyllithium (0.7 mL, 1.6 N in diethyl ether) is added slowly at room temperature. After 15 min, the mixture is diluted with diethyl ether (50 mL), extracted with 1 N aq. NaOH (2×5 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane/EA to provide 1-(3-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (44 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.03 min, [M+1]=239.30; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 2H), 1.53 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

Example V

1-(5,5-Dimethyl-3-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared in analogy to Example R from Example F; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.13 min, [M+1]=251.25; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.03 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 1.65 (hept, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Example W

1-(5,5-Diethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared in analogy to Example R from Example M; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.09 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=278.22.

Example X

1-(5,5-Diethyl-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared from Example M in analogy to the procedures given for Example C and Q; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.03 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=294.27.

Example Y

1-(3,5,5-Triethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared from Example M in analogy to the procedures given for Example E and R; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.16 min, [M+1]=265.24; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 2.94 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.33 8 s, 2H), 1.58 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.84 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example Z

5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid is prepared starting from 4-methylcyclohexanone following the procedures given in Example A; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.92 min; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.25 (dd, J=2.9, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.86-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.22 (dd, J=10.6, 15.8 Hz, 1H), 1.95-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.34 (ddt, J_(d)=5.9, 13.5 Hz, J_(t)=11.1 Hz, 1H), 1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).

Example AA

Treatment of Example Z with MeLi in analogy to the procedure described for Example P affords 1-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.00 min, [M+1]⁺=195.23; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.07 (s, 1H), 3.30 (ddd, J=2.9, 5.8, 18.8 Hz, 1H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.25 (dd, J=10.6, 15.8 Hz, 1H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.27 (m, 1H), 1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).

Example AB

Alkylation of Example Z with methyliodide following the procedure described for Example C affords 3,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.95 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]⁺=252.20.

Example AC

Treatment of Example AB with MeLi in analogy to the procedure described for Example P affords 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.03 min, [M+1]⁺=209.11; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 3.30 (ddd, J=2.9, 5.3, 18.8 Hz, 1H), 2.90-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.03 (d, J=10.6, 15.8 Hz, 1H), 1.92-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.07 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).

Example AD

Alkylation of Example Z with ethyliodide following the procedure described for Example E affords 3-ethyl-5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.99 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]⁺=266.34.

Example AE

Treatment of Example AD with MeLi in analogy to the procedure described for Example P affords 1-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.06 min, [M+1]⁺=223.16.

Example AF

5-Ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid is prepared starting from 4-ethylcyclohexanone following the procedures given in Example A; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.16 (s, 1H), 3.34 (ddd, J=3.5, 5.3, 18.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.26 (dd, J=10.6, 15.8 Hz, 1H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.22 (m, 3H), 0.97 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Example AG

Treatment of Example AF with MeLi in analogy to the procedure described for Example P affords 1-(5-ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.04 min, [M+1]⁺=209.18.

Example AH

a) To a solution of 8-methylene-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.5]decane (6.0 g, 39 mmol, prepared according to a literature procedure (K. C. Nicolaou, R. L. Magolda, D. A. Claremon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102 (1980) 1404-1409)) in toluene (10 mL), a solution of diethyl zinc (100 mL, 1 M in hexane) is added at −40 to −20° C. The mixture is stirred for 10 min before diiodoethane (53.6 g, 200 mmol) is added dropwise over a period of 20 min. The reaction is warmed to rt and stirring is continued for 18 h. The reaction mixture is poured onto ice-cooled sat. aq. NH₄Cl solution and extracted twice with diethyl ether. The combined organic extracts are washed with sat. aq. Na₂S₂O₃ and water, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give 7,10-dioxa-dispiro[2.2.4.2]dodecane (12.35 g) as a colourless liquid containing approx. 20% of toluene (product volatile).

b) A solution of 7,10-dioxa-dispiro[2.2.4.2]dodecane (6.25 g, approx. 29 mmol) in THF (25 mL), water (20 mL) and TFA (10 mL) is stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture is neutralized by adding 2 N aq. NaOH and sat. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic extracts are washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is removed to give spiro[2.5]octan-6-one (5.0 g) as a colourless oil containing remainders of toluene (product volatile). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.14 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 4H), 1.40 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 4H), 0.21 (s, 4H).

c) 5,5-Ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid is prepared by formulating, chlorinating and cyclising the above spiro[2.5]octan-6-one following the steps b), c) and d) described in Example A; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.91 min; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.70 (s, 1H), 2.75 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s br, 1H), 2.21 (s, 2H), 1.23 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.10-0.00 (m, 4H).

Example AI

Alkylation of Example AH with ethyliodide following the procedure described for Example E affords 3-ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.99 min, [M+1]⁺=237.16.

Example AJ

1-(3-Ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared by treating Example AI with MeLi following the procedure given in Example P; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.07 min, [M+1]⁺=235.22.

Example AK

a) To a solution of spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one (1.58 g, 10.5 mmol, prepared according to a literature procedure (N. R. Natale, R. O. Hutchins, Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 9 (1977) 103-108)) in EA (12 mL), Pd/C (75 mg, 10% Pd) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt under 1 bar of H₂ for 90 min before it is filtered over celite. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give spiro[4.5]decan-8-one (1.56 g) as an almost colourless liquid; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.36 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 1.75 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 1.70-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.50 (m, 4H).

b) The above spiro[4.5]decan-8-one is acylated, chlorinated and cyclized to 5,5-(1,4-butylene)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid following the steps b), c) and d) described in Example A; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.00 min; [M+1+CH₃CN]⁺=278.23.

Example AL

Alkylation of Example AJ with methyliodide following the procedure described for Example E affords 5,5-(1,4-butylene)-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.02 min, [M+1]⁺=251.26.

Example AM

a) To a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (20 g, 95 mmol) in DMSO (150 mL) is added N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (12.06 g, 124 mmol) and DIPEA (65 mL, 380 mmol), followed by TBTU (33.59 g, 105 mmol, dissolved in DMF (70 mL)). The reaction mixture is stirred at rt for 2 h before it is poured into water/ice and extracted twice with diethyl ether (2×100 mL). The organic extracts are washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution, 10% aq. citric acid solution and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, evaporated and dried to give 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (23 g) as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.01 min, [M+1]=254.14.

b) To a solution of diisopropylamine (11.02 g, 109 mmol) in THF (400 mL) is added n-butyl lithium (72.7 mL, 109 mmol, 1.5 M in pentane) at 0-5° C. The solution is cooled to −78° C. and a solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (23 g, 91 mmol) in THF (100 mL) is added. Upon complete addition, the mixture is stirred for 20 min at −78° C. before a solution of iodine (30 g, 119 mmol) in THF (100 mL) is added. Stirring is continued at −78° C. for 30 min. The reaction is quenched by slowly adding a 1:1 mixture of water/methanol (20 mL). The solution is diluted with water (400 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts are washed with 10% aq. citric acid solution and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM to afford 3-iodo-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (18 g) as a brownish oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.09 min, [M+1]=380.21.

c) 3-lodo-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (18 g, 47 mmol), CuI (14.5 g, 76 mmol) and KF (4.4 g, 76 mmol) are dissolved in DMF (80 mL). The solution is heated to 134° C. and methyl chlorodifluoroacetate (16.26 g, 113 mmol) is added via syringe pump over a period of 4 h. Gas evolution is observed. Upon complete addition, the mixture is cooled and poured into water/ice. The precipitate that forms is collected, suspended in DCM (600 mL), and filtered through a celite pad. The filtrate is washed with 0.5 N aq. HCl (250 mL), followed by sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give 5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (14 g) as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.10 min, [M+1]=322.20.

d) A solution of 5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (14 g, 44 mmol) in diethyl ether (400 mL) is treated at rt with methyl lithium (80 mL, 1.6 M in diethyl ether). Upon complete addition, the mixture is stirred at rt for 15 min before it is poured onto water/ice and neutralized with aq. HCl. The ether phase is separated and the aq. phase is extracted two more times with diethyl ether (2×100 mL). The organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane containing 20-30% of DCM to give 1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (9.1 g) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.11 min, [M+1+CH₃CN]=318.34; ¹H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 3.04 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 1.58 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Bromoketone 1

To a solution of 1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.18 g, 5.31 mmol, Example C) in THF (60 mL) and methanol (6 mL), phenyltrimethylammonium bromide dibromide (2.0 g, 5.31 mmol) is added in portions. Upon complete addition, the mixture is stirred at rt for 30 min before the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is purified by prep. HPLC (Grom-Sil 120 ODS-4-HE, 30×75 mm, 10 μm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give 2-bromo-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.28 g) as a colourless oil; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.24 (s, 2H), 3.03 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (s, 6H).

Bromoketone 2

2-Bromo-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared from Example R in analogy to Bromoketone 1; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.12 min, [M+1]=315.14; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.27 (s, 2H), 3.04 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 1.56 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Bromoketone 3

2-Bromo-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone is prepared from Example AM in analogy to Bromoketone 1; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.14 min, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.28 (s, 2H), 3.06 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (s, 2H), 1.60 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 1

a) To a solution of 3,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (250 mg, 1.19 mmol) in DMF (3 mL), TBTU (381 mg, 1.19 mmol) and DIPEA (507 mg, 3.92 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 5 min before 3-[2-ethyl-4-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-6-methyl-phenyl]-propionic acid (298 mg, 1.19 mmol, Hydroxyamidine 3) dissolved in DMF (2 mL) is added. Stirring is continued at rt for 1 h. The mixture is diluted with formic acid (0.5 mL) and acetonitrile (5 mL) and separated by prep. HPLC (Grom-Sil 120 ODS-4-HE, 30×75 mm, 10 μm, 10-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to afford 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid N-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(2-carboxy-ethyl)-N-hydroxybenzamidine)ester (170 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.04 min, [M+1]=443.34.

b) A suspension of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid N-(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(2-carboxy-ethyl)-N-hydroxybenzamidine) ester (165 mg, 0.373 mmol) in toluene (250 mL) is stirred at 85° C. for 24 h and at 105° C. for 72 h before the solvent is removed in vacuo. The crude product is purified by prep. HPLC (Grom-Sil 120 ODS-4-HE, 30×75 mm, 10 μm, 70 to 100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to afford 3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionic acid (100 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]=425.31.

Intermediate 2

a) A solution of 1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (355 mg, 1.55 mmol) and 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (373 mg, 1.70 mmol, Aldehyde 5) in methanolic NaOH (8 mL, 10 g NaOH in 100 mL methanol) is stirred at rt for 3 h before it is carefully acidified to pH 1 by adding 2 N aq. HCl. The mixture is extracted twice with DCM, the organic extracts are washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is crystallised from acetonitrile (120 mL) to give 3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-tri methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenyl]-phenyl}-acrylic acid (400 mg) as yellow crystals; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]=423.34; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 6.13 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 1.57 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (s, 6H).

b) To a solution of 3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenyl]-phenyl}-acrylic acid (340 mg, 0.805 mmol) and DIPEA (182 mg, 1.41 mmol) in ethanol, Pd/C (340 mg, 10% Pd, moistened with 50% water) is added and the resulting slurry is stirred at 50° C. for 72 h under 10 bar of H₂. Another portion of Pd/C is added and stirring is continued for 16 h at 50° C. under 10 bar of H₂. The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified by prep. HPLC (Grom-Sil 120 ODS-4-HE, 30×75 mm, 10 μm, acetonitrile/water (0.5% HCOOH), 20% to 95% acetonitrile) to give 3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (154 mg) as a colourless foam; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=427.30.

Intermediate 3

3-{2-Ethyl-6-methyl-4-[5-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-propionic acid is prepared in analogy to Intermediate 1 using Example C and Hydroxyamidine 3; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.21 min, [M+1]=439.25; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 12.25 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s br, 2H), 3.04 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.70 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 5H), 2.33 (s, 2H), 1.57 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 4

3-{4-[3-(3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propionic acid (460 mg) is obtained as a colourless lyophilisate from 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (400 mg, 1.69 mmol, Example R) and 3-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (419 mg, 2.03 mmol, Aldehyde 4) in analogy to Intermediate 2; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=427.40; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.91 (s, 2H), 3.10-2.90 (m, 8H), 2.73 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.53-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.28 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 5

3-{2-Ethyl-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionic acid is prepared from 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (Example R) and 3-(4-formyl-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (Aldehyde 6) in analogy to Intermediate 2; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.16 min, [M+1]=441.36; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 3.12-2.94 (m, 8H), 2.74 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.56-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 1.56 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 6

3-{2-Ethyl-6-methyl-4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-propionic acid is prepared in analogy to Intermediate 1 using Example E and Hydroxyamidine 3; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.24 min, [M+1]=453.29.

Intermediate 7

a) A solution of 1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (500 mg, 1.81 mmol) and 3-(2-ethyl-4-formyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (395 mg, 1.81 mmol) in ethanol (25 mL) is treated with 5 N HCl in isopropanol (15 mL). The orange brown reaction mixture is stirred at 65° C. for 64 h. The mixture is diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution and extracted twice with EA. The organic extracts are washed with sat. NaHCO₃ solution, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 9:1 to give 3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-acrylic acid ethyl ester (634 mg, contains traces of the corresponding isopropyl ester) as a colourless oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.32 min, [M+1]=505.04.

b) To a solution of 3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-acrylic acid ethyl ester (630 mg, 1.25 mmol) in ethanol (25 mL), a suspension of Pd/C (400 mg, 10% Pd) in ethanol (15 mL) is added and the resulting slurry is stirred at 65° C. for 16 h under 8 bar of H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The residue is separated by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 4:1 to give 3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (340 mg, contains traces of the corresponding isopropyl ester) as a colourless oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.28 min, [M+1]=509.49.

c) A solution of 3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (340 mg, 0.668 mmol) in THF (5 mL), methanol (4 mL) and 2 N aq. LiOH (2 mL) is stirred at rt for 2 h before it is diluted with 10% aq. citric acid solution and extracted with DCM (3×75 mL). The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified on prep. TLC plates with heptane:EA 3:4 to give 3-{4-[3-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionic acid (206 mg) as a colourless glass; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]=481.36.

Method A

To a solution of the thiophene-2-carboxylic acid in DMF (approx. 15 mL/mmol), TBTU (1.3 eq.) and DIPEA (3 eq.) is added. The mixture is allowed to stand at rt for 2 h before the appropriate amine (2 eq.) is added. The mixture is allowed to stand at rt overnight and is then separated by prep. HPLC (Waters X-terra, 5 μm, 19×30 mm, gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% sat. aq. NH₄OH). The product containing fractions are lyophilised to give the desired amides as colourless lyophilisates or resins.

Examples 1 to 4

The following examples are prepared according to Method A and starting from 3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid:

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 1

20 1.09 344.25 2

20 1.09 374.24 3

20 1.04 358.29 4

20 1.00 360.27

Examples 5 to 8

The following examples are prepared according to Method A and starting from 3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid:

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 5

20 1.11 358.28 6

20 1.10 388.29 7

20 1.06 372.30 8

20 1.01 374.25

Examples 9 to 12

The following examples are prepared according to Method A and starting from 3-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid:

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 9

20 1.14 372.28 10

20 1.12 402.22 11

20 1.08 386.42 12

20 1.03 388.31

Example 13

5,5-Dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzylamide is prepared starting from 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid according to Method A; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.07 min, [M+1]=390.2; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.96 (s, 2H), 5.88 (t br, J=5 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (s, 1H), 4.45 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 2H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.54 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example 14

5,5-Diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzylamide is prepared starting from 5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid according to Method A; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.12 min, [M+1]=418.2; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.95 (s, 2H), 5.89 (t br, J=5 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 2H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 1.55 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.19 (m, 4H), 0.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example 15

A solution of 1-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.00 g, 4.80 mmol) and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (2.16 g, 14.4 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (5 mL) is stirred at 70° C. for 40 min. The dark solution is poured onto ice/sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic extract is washed with 1 N aq. NaOH and brine, and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The resulting oil is filtered over silica gel eluting with DCM, then DCM:TBME 10:1 to give 1-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone (700 mg) as a yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.14 min, [M+1]=341.23.

Example 16

A solution of 1-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone (1.60, 4.79 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) is treated with Pd/C (500 mg, 10% Pd) and the resulting slurry is stirred at rt for 4 h under 1 bar of H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give 1-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one (900 mg) as a beige resin.

Example 17 to 21

To a solution of 1-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one (10 mg, 30 μmol) in isopropanol (0.6 mL) and 2 N aq. NaOH (0.25 mL), the appropriate alkylating agent (as chloride, bromide or tosylate) is added (150 μmol) and the mixture is shaken at 70° C. for 5 h, then at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture is separated by prep. HPLC (Waters X-terra, 5 μm, 19×30 mm, gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid).

Product fractions are lyophilised to give the desired products as a colourless resin or lyophilisate.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 17

30 1.13 401.09 18

30 1.12 401.14 19

30 1.12 431.31 20

30 0.93 414.35 21

30 0.94 456.42

Example 22

A solution of 1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.35 g, 6.07 mmol) and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (1.09 g, 7.29 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (10 mL) is stirred at rt for 100 min. The dark solution is diluted with diethyl ether (300 mL), washed with water followed by a 1:1 mixture of 1 N aq. NaOH and sat. aq. NaHCO₃, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 7:3 to give 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (1.86 g) as a yellow-orange solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=355.26; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.65 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 3.15 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.56 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Example 23

A solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (1.86 g, 5.25 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and ethanol (50 mL) is treated with Pd/C (400 mg, 10% Pd) and the resulting slurry is stirred at rt for 5 h under 1.5 bar of H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 1:1 to give 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (1.80 g) as a pale red foam; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=357.27; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.85 (s, 2H), 4.53 (s, 1H), 3.07-2.98 (m, 4H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.53 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 24 to 32

To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (11 mg, 30 μmol) in isopropanol (0.6 mL) and 2 N aq. NaOH (0.25 mL), the appropriate alkylating agent (as chloride, bromide or tosylate) is added (150 μmol) and the mixture is shaken at 70° C. for 5 h, then at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture is separated by prep. HPLC (Waters X-terra, 5 μm, 19×30 mm, gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid). Product fractions are lyophilised to give the desired products as a colourless to pale yellow resin or lyophilisate.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 24

561 1.12 401.15 25

30 1.15 415.34 26

561 1.14 415.34 27

561 1.06 431.36 28

561 1.06 431.31 29

30 1.14 445.38 30

30 0.95 428.42 31

30 0.98 454.37 32

30 0.96 470.39

Example 27

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.88 (s, 2H), 4.12-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.77 (m, 4H), 3.07-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.75 (s br, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 1.53 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 33 to 42

a) A solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (200 mg, 0.561 mmol) in isopropanol (5 mL) and 3 N aq. NaOH (2 mL) is treated with epichlorohydrine (210 mg, 1.68 mmol) and the mixture is stirred at rt for 6 h before it is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution followed by water, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified on prep. TLC plates with heptane:EA 1:1 to give 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (135 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.19 min, [M+1]=413.26.

b) A solution of 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (7 mg, 18 μmol) in ethanol (1 mL) is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.). If the amine in addition contains a carboxylic acid functionality, water (500 μL) and DIPEA (20 μL) is added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred at 85° C. for 6 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Xterra MS18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired products as colourless to pale yellow resins.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 33 NH₂ 18 0.90 430.35 34 NH—CH₃ 18 0.92 444.26 35 NH—CH₂CH₃ 18 0.92 458.35 36 NH—CH(CH₃)₂ 18 0.94 472.78 37

18 0.90 474.37 38

18 0.90 504.43 39

18 0.98 516.47 40

18 0.82 473.49 41

18 0.92 502.42 42

18 0.92 514.36

Example 43

A solution of 1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.35 g, 6.07 mmol) and 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde (1.36 g, 7.29 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (10 mL) is stirred at rt for 120 min. The dark solution is diluted with diethyl ether (200 mL), washed with water (2×200 mL), dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 7:3 to give 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (1.50 g) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]=391.17; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.60 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.14 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 2H), 1.56 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Example 44

A solution of 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (1.49 g, 3.80 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and ethanol (50 mL) is treated with Pd/C (300 mg, 10% Pd) and the resulting slurry is stirred at rt for 9 h under 1.5 bar of H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 1:1 to give 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (1.80 g) as a pale red foam; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.12 min, [M+1]=393.18; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.82 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.90 (m, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 1.53 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example 45

To a red solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (200 mg, 0.509 mmol) in isopropanol (8 mL) and 3 N aq. NaOH (2.5 mL), 2-bromoethanol (254 mg, 2.04 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred at 70° C. for 20 h before another portion of 2-bromoethanol (254 mg, 2.04 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued at 70° C. for 7 h. The mixture is diluted with diethyl ether and twice washed with water. The organic layer is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified on prep. TLC plates with heptane:EA 1:1 to give 3-[3-chloro-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (160 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.12 min, [M+1]=437.18; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.86 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.17-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.84-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.94 (m, 7H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 1.53 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example 46

To a red solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (200 mg, 0.509 mmol) in isopropanol (8 mL) and 3 N aq. NaOH (2.5 mL), 3-bromopropanol (283 mg, 2.04 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred at 70° C. for 5 h before another portion of 3-bromopropanol (142 mg, 1.02 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued at 70° C. for 18 h. The mixture is diluted with diethyl ether and twice washed with water. The organic layer is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified on prep. TLC plates with heptane:EA 1:1 to give 3-[3-chloro-4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (170 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.13 min, [M+1]=451.19; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.85 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.97-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.08-2.92 (s, 6H), 2.55 (t br, J=5 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 2.00 (p, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 1.53 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 45 to 53

To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (8 mg, 20 μmol) in isopropanol (0.6 mL) and 2 N aq. NaOH (0.25 mL), the appropriate alkylating agent (as chloride, bromide or tosylate) is added (150 μmol) and the mixture is shaken at 70° C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture is separated by prep. HPLC (Waters X-terra, 5 μm, 19×30 mm, gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid or 0.74% diethylamine). Product fractions are lyophilised to give the desired products as a colourless to pale yellow resin or lyophilisate.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 45

20 1.12 437.31 46

20 1.13 451.28 47

20 1.15 451.30 48

20 1.05 467.32 49

20 1.05 467.36 50

20 1.13 481.38 51

20 0.95 464.38 52

20 0.98 490.36 53

20 0.95 506.32

Examples 54 to 63

a) A solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (200 mg, 0.509 mmol) in isopropanol (5 mL) and 3 N aq. NaOH (2 mL) is treated with epichlorohydrine (191 mg, 1.53 mmol) and the mixture is stirred at rt for 4 h then at 50° C. for 6 h before it is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution followed by water, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified on prep. TLC plates with heptane:EA 7:3 to give 3-(3-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (80 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]=449.17.

b) A solution of 3-(3-chloro-5-methoxy-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (8 mg, 18 μmol) in ethanol (1 mL) is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.). If the amine in addition contains a carboxylic acid functionality, water (500 μL) and DIPEA (20 μL) is added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred at 85° C. for 6 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Xterra MS18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired products as colourless to pale yellow resins.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 54 NH₂ 18 0.90 466.32 55 NH—CH₃ 18 0.92 480.39 56 NH—CH₂CH₃ 18 0.94 494.34 57 NH—CH(CH₃)₂ 18 0.95 508.44 58

18 0.90 510.40 59

18 0.89 540.38 60

18 0.97 552.47 61

18 0.81 509.38 62

18 0.91 538.32 63

18 0.92 550.36

Example 64

A solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (1.80 g, 7.62 mmol) and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2.10 g, 14.0 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (5 mL) is stirred at 70° C. for 40 min. The dark violet to brown solution is poured onto 1 N aq. NaOH/ice and extracted with EA. The organic extract is washed four times with 1 N aq. NaOH, once with 10% aq. citric acid solution and brine, and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The crude product is purified by filtration over silica gel eluting with DCM to give 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone (2.40 g) as a brown solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]=369.19; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.66 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.34 8 s, 3H), 2.28 8 s, 8H), 1.57 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (t, 7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Example 65

A solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone (2.40 g, 6.51 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) is treated with a suspension of Pd/C (1.70 g, 10% Pd) in ethanol and the mixture is stirred at rt for 18 h under 1 atm H₂. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to give 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one (2.00 g) as a brown oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.16 min, [M+1]=371.25.

Examples 66 to 74

To a solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one (11 mg, 30 μmol) in isopropanol (0.6 mL) and 2 N aq. NaOH (0.25 mL), the appropriate alkylating agent (as chloride, bromide or tosylate) is added (150 μmol) and the mixture is shaken at 70° C. for 5 h, then at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture is separated by prep. HPLC (Waters X-terra, 5 μm, 19×30 mm, gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid). Product fractions are lyophilised to give the desired products as a colourless to pale yellow resin or lyophilisate.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 66

30 1.15 415.38 67

30 1.17 429.37 68

30 1.17 429.31 69

560 1.08 445.28 70

560 1.08 445.28 71

30 1.16 459.30 72

30 0.97 442.30 73

30 1.00 468.41 74

30 0.97 484.42

Example 69

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.88 (s, 2H), 4.13-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.96-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.67 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 6H), 2.14 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Examples 75 to 80

a) A solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one (75 mg, 0.20 mmol) in isopropanol (4 mL) and 3 N aq. NaOH (1.7 mL) is treated with epichlorohydrine (75 mg, 0.60 mmol) and the mixture is stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture is diluted with acetonitrile (1 mL) and separated by prep. HPLC (Phenomenex Aqua, 75×30 mm ID, 10 μm, 10-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (50 mg) as a colourless resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.21 min, [M+1]=427.41.

b) A solution of 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (6 mg, 15 μmol) in ethanol (1 mL) is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.). If the amine in addition contains a carboxylic acid functionality, water (500 μL) and DIPEA (20 μL) is added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred at 85° C. for 5 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Xterra MS18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired products as colourless to pale yellow resins.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 75 NH—CH(CH₃)₂ 15 0.98 486.50 76

15 0.93 488.51 77

15 0.93 518.45 78

15 1.01 530.41 79

15 0.85 487.47 80

15 0.95 516.40

Example 81

A solution of 1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (214 mg, 0.842 mmol) and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (150 mg, 0.99 mmol) in ethanol (1.5 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (0.5 mL) is stirred at rt for 16 h before it is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EA 3:1. The solvent of the product containing fractions is evaporated and the product is crystallised from chloroform/pentane to give 1-(5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone (12 mg) as a yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]=387.2; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.66 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (s br, 1H), 3.15 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.36 8 s, 2H), 2.28 8 s, 6H), 1.57 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.00 (s, 6H).

Example 82

A solution of 1-(5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (458 mg, 1.62 mmol) and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (251 mg, 1.67 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (3.5 mL) is stirred at rt for 16 h before it is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EA 1:1 to give 1-(5,5-diethyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone (113 mg) as a yellow resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.22 min, [M+1]=415.2; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.65 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.10 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.59 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.22 (m, 4H), 0.85 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Examples 83 to 89

a) To a solution of 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (130 mg, 0.325 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.09 mL, 0.52 mmol) is added methane sulfonylchloride (0.03 mL, 0.39 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with 0.1 N aq. NaOH followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 2-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl ester (165 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]⁺=479.26.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 2-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl ester in DMF is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.) and DIPEA (≧4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 75° C. for 7 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired product as a colourless lyophilisate or resin.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 83 NH₂ 15 0.92 399.96 84 NHCH₂CH₃ 15 0.96 428.45 85 NHCH(CH₃)₂ 15 0.98 442.44 86

15 0.92 444.47 87

15 0.91 474.39 88

15 0.82 443.39 89

15 0.87 513.58

Examples 90 to 96

a) To a solution of 3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (170 mg, 0.411 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.15 mL, 0.89 mmol) is added methane sulfonylchloride (0.04 mL, 0.49 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with 0.1 N aq. NaOH followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 3-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-propyl ester (200 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]⁺=493.26.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 3-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-propyl ester in DMF is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.) and DIPEA (≧4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 75° C. for 7 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired product as a colourless lyophilisate or resin.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 90 NH₂ 15 0.93 414.38 91 NHCH₂CH₃ 15 0.97 442.37 92 NHCH(CH₃)₂ 15 0.99 456.51 93

15 0.93 458.38 94

15 0.92 488.46 95

15 0.83 457.45 96

15 0.86 527.49

Examples 97 to 104

a) To a solution of 3-[3-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (160 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.11 mL, 0.64 mmol) is added methane sulfonylchloride (0.04 mL, 0.48 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with 0.1 N aq. NaOH followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 2-{2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl ester (183 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]⁺=515.15.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 2-{2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl ester in DMF is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.) and DIPEA (≧4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 75° C. for 7 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired product as a colourless lyophilisate or resin.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 97 NH₂ 15 0.92 436.30 98 NHCH₃ 15 0.94 450.27 99 NHCH₂CH₃ 15 0.95 464.38 100 NHCH(CH₃)₂ 15 0.97 478.39 101

15 0.92 480.35 102

15 0.91 510.34 103

15 0.82 479.36 104

15 0.86 549.45

Examples 105 to 111

a) To a solution of 3-[3-chloro-4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-5-methoxy-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (170 mg, 0.38 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.10 mL, 0.60 mmol) is added methane sulfonylchloride (0.04 mL, 0.45 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Another portion of methane sulfonylchloride (0.04 mL, 0.45 mmol) is added and stirring is continued for 20 min. The reaction mixture is diluted with DCM, washed with 0.1 N aq. NaOH followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 3-{2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-propyl ester (196 mg) as a yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]⁺=529.17.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 3-{2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-propyl ester in DMF is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.) and DIPEA (≧4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 75° C. for 7 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired product as a colourless lyophilisate or resin.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 105 NH₂ 15 0.94 450.19 106 NHCH₂CH₃ 15 0.97 478.42 107 NHCH(CH₃)₂ 15 0.98 492.43 108

15 0.93 494.41 109

15 0.92 524.48 110

15 0.83 493.46 111

15 0.85 563.44

Examples 112 to 118

a) To a solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one (255 mg, 0.615 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.29 mL, 1.70 mmol) is added methane sulfonylchloride (0.09 mL, 1.15 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-ethyl ester (300 mg) as a brown resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]⁺=493.36.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-ethyl ester in DMF is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.) and DIPEA (≧4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 75° C. for 7 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired product as a colourless lyophilisate or resin.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 112 NH₂ 15 0.95 414.39 113 NHCH₂CH₃ 15 0.98 442.45 114 NHCH(CH₃)₂ 15 1.00 456.39 115

15 0.94 458.40 116

15 0.93 488.48 117

15 0.84 457.50 118

15 0.89 527.55

Examples 119-125

a) To a solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one (246 mg, 0.575 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.26 mL, 1.5 mmol) is added methane sulfonylchloride (0.08 mL, 1.00 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture is diluted with diethyl ether, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution followed by 10% aq. citric acid solution, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propyl ester (290 mg) as a brown resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.20 min, [M+1]⁺=507.39.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propyl ester in DMF is treated with the appropriate amine (≧4 eq.) and DIPEA (≧4 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at 75° C. for 7 h before it is purified by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10 to 95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired product as a colourless lyophilisate or resin.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 119 NH₂ 15 0.96 428.41 120 NHCH₂CH₃ 15 0.99 456.43 121 NHCH(CH₃)₂ 15 1.01 470.51 122

15 0.95 472.47 123

15 0.94 502.50 124

15 0.85 471.50 125

15 0.88 541.49

Example 126

A solution of 1-(3-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (44 mg, 1.85 mmol) and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (30 mg, 0.20 mmol) in ethanol (1 mL) and 5 N HCl in isopropanol (0.5 mL) is stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture is diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EA (30 mL). The organic extract is dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in chloroform (5 mL) and a yellow precipitate forms. The suspension is diluted with diethyl ether (5 mL), the precipitate is filtered and washed with diethyl ether (2 mL) and dried to give 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (25 mg) as a yellow powder; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.13 min, [M+1]⁺=371.33; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.64 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (s br, 1H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.15 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.57 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Example 127

a) A solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (0.79 g, 3.75 mmol) and TBTU (1.32 g, 4.13 mmol) and DIPEA (2.1 mL, 12.4 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) is stirred at rt for 10 min before 4,N-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-benzamidine (676 mg, 3.75 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture is diluted with 1 N aq. HCl (250 mL) and extracted twice with EA. The organic extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid N-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-N-hydroxybenzamidine) ester (1.36 g) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.03 min, [M+1]⁺=373.17.

b) A solution of 5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid N-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-N-hydroxybenzamidine) ester (1.35 g, 2.68 mmol) in toluene is heated to 95° C. for 2 days. The solvent is evaporated and the residue is purified by prep. HPLC (GROM-SIL ODS-4 HE, 75×30 mm ID, 10 μm, 70-100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to afford 4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-di methyl-phenol (470 mg) as a beige solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]⁺=355.37; ¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 8.95 (s br, 1H), 7.62 (s, 2H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 3.07 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 1.61 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (s, 6H), one signal (s) under solvent.

Example 128

a) A solution of 4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenol (35 mg, 1.18 mmol) in isopropanol (17 mL) is treated with 2 N aq. NaOH (8.6 mL) followed by epichlorohydrine (660 mg, 7.14 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 18 h before it is diluted with water and extracted twice with EA. The combined organic extracts are dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, evaporated and dried to give 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazole (480 mg) as a pale yellow oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.24 min, [M+1]⁺=411.31.

b) A solution of 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazole (500 mg, 1.18 mmol) in 2 N methanolic ammonia (7 mL) is heated in a sealed vial to 100° C. for 5 min in a microwave oven (300 W, active cooling during irradiation). The solvent is evaporated and the residue is purified by prep. HPLC (GROM-SIL ODS-4 HE, 75×30 mm ID, 10 μm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to afford 1-amino-3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propan-2-ol (220 mg) as a colourless resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.92 min, [M+1]⁺=428.38.

Examples 129 and 130

The appropriate carboxylic acid (25 μmol) is dissolved in a solution of TBTU (8 mg, 25 μmol) in DMF (0.5 mL). DIPEA (17 μL, 100 μmol) is added and the mixture is shaken for 10 min before 1-amino-3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-propan-2-ol (9 mg, 20 μmol) is added. Shaking is continued at rt for 2 h. The mixture is separated by prep. HPLC (Waters XBridge Prep C18, 19×50 mm, 5 μm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.35% HCl) to afford the desired amides as colourless lyophilisates.

LC-MS Scale t_(R) Example R (μmol) (min) [M + H]⁺ 129

20 1.05 486.46 130

20 1.03 500.45

Examples 131 to 134

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous Examples using Example A and Hydroxyamidine 2:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 131 OH 127 1.21 369.30 132

128 0.92 442.32 133

129 1.07 500.54 134

130 1.06 514.42

Examples 135 and 136

To a solution of 3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl}-propionic acid (9 mg, 20 μmol) in DMF (0.5 mL), TBTU (7 mg, 22 μmol) and DIPEA (9 mg, 66 μmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 5 min before the appropriate amine (100 μmol) is added. Stirring is continued at rt for 1 h. The mixture is treated with formic acid (25 μL), diluted with acetonitrile (0.5 mL) and separated by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 20-100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to afford the desired amide as a colourless resin.

LC-MS t_(R) Example R (min) [M + H]⁺ 135

1.11 468.38 136

1.05 498.44

Examples 137 to 138

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to Example 22 starting from Example C and Aldehyde 1 or Aldehyde 2, respectively:

LC-MS Example R t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 137 methyl 1.17 369.11 138 ethyl 1.19 383.14

Example 137

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (s, 1H), 3.15 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.56 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (s, 6H).

Example 139

To a solution of 1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (832 mg, 3.74 mmol, Example C) and 4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde (683 mg, 4.49 mmol) in methanol (25 mL), NaOH (6.0 g, 150 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated to 65° C. and stirred for 16 h. The dark olive-brown suspension is cooled to rt, diluted with EA (250 mL) and washed twice with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution. The organic extracts are dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 3:2 to give 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (794 mg) as a bright yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.09 min, [M+1]⁺=357.19.

Examples 140 to 142

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to Example 23:

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 140 H methyl ethyl 137 1.16 371.27 141 H ethyl ethyl 138 1.18 385.33 142 OCH₃ H H 139 1.09 359.23

Examples 143 to 145

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to Example 33:

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 143 H methyl ethyl 140 0.91 444.38 144 H ethyl ethyl 141 0.92 458.38 145 OCH₃ H H 142 0.88 432.31

Examples 146 to 150

To a solution of glycolic acid (1.5 eq.) in DCM (10 mL), TBTU (1.3 eq.) and DIPEA (4.0 eq.) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 10 min before the appropriate 3-[4-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (0.5-1.0 mmol, 1. eq.) is added. Stirring is continued at rt for 1 h before another portion of glycolic acid (0.7 eq.) and TBTU (0.6 eq.) is added. The mixture is stirred for another hour, is diluted with DCM and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ solution. The wash solutions are extracted back with DCM. The combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is purified by chromatography on prep. TLC plates using DCM containing 5% of methanol to give the desired 2-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-3-{4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-propyl)-acetamide as an almost colourless foam.

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 146 H methyl methyl 33 1.00 488.17 147 H methyl ethyl 143 1.03 502.19 148 H ethyl ethyl 144 1.05 516.21 149 H Cl OCH₃ 54 1.00 524.11 150 OCH₃ H H 145 0.97 490.14

Example 148

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.91 (s, 2H), 4.19 8 s, 2H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.51-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.91 (m, 6H), 2.62 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 1.53 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.21 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Examples 151 and 152

To a solution of 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxiranylmethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (0.2-0.5 mmol, 1 eq.) in DMSO (2 mL) the appropriate alkanesulfonamide potassium salt (3.0 eq.) is added. The mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 20 h before it is diluted with EA (75 mL) and washed with 10% aq. citric acid solution followed by water. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product is chromatographed on prep. TLC plates with DCM containing 10% of methanol to afford the desired N-(3-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-alkanesulfonamide as a beige foam.

LC-MS Example R t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 151 methyl 1.06 508.27 152 ethyl 1.09 522.30

Example 151

¹H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 6.88 (s, 2H), 4.83 (t br, J=6 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.13 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.27 (, 1H), 3.06-3.00 (m, 6H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.79 (d br, J=4 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.53 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 153 and 154

To a solution of 3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (8.5 mg, 20 μmol) in DMF (0.5 mL), TBTU (7 mg, 22 μmol) and DIPEA (9 mg, 66 μmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 5 min before the appropriate amine (100 μmol) is added. Stirring is continued at rt for 1 h. The mixture is treated with formic acid (25 μL), diluted with acetonitrile (0.5 mL) and separated by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 20-100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to afford the desired amide as a colourless resin.

LC-MS t_(R) Example R (min) [M + H]⁺ 153

1.09 470.30 154

1.03 499.92

Examples 155 to 179

To the appropriate anilines (50 μmol, 2 eq.) and K₂CO₃ (10.5 mg, 75 μmol) a solution of 2-bromo-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (7.5 mg, 25 μmol) in acetone (0.7 mL) is added. The suspension is stirred at rt for 18 h before it is filtered. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated and the crude product is purified by prep. HPLC (Symmetry C18 5 μm, 19×50 mm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired 2-phenylamino-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone.

LC-MS t_(R) Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R^(d) (min) [M + H]⁺ 155 H H H H 1.13 314.38 156 CH₃ H H H 1.17 328.30 157 CH₂CH₃ H H H 1.20 342.39 158 H CH₃ H CH₃ 1.16 342.33 159 H CF₃ H H 1.19 382.32 160 OCH₃ H H H 1.16 344.32 161 H H OCH₃ H 1.02 344.31 162 CH₃ H OCH₃ H 1.11 358.35 163 OCH₃ H OCH₃ H 1.07 374.25 164 OCH₃ H H CF₃ 1.21 412.12 165 H H OCH₃ CF₃ 1.17 412.29 166 H H

H 1.02 358.34 167 H H

H 0.93 374.35 168 H H

H 0.95 388.31 169 H H

H 0.96 388.34 170 H H

H 0.87 404.28 171 H H

H 0.71 401.32 172 H H

H 0.86 443.36 173 CH₃ H

H 1.02 388.30 174 CH₃ H

H 1.04 402.24 175 CH₃ H

H 1.05 402.23 176 CH₃ H

H 0.95 418.23 177 CH₃ H

H 0.95 418.26 178 CH₃ H

H 0.72 415.40 179 CH₃ H

H 0.90 457.42

Examples 180 to 185

To the appropriate phenols (50 μmol, 2 eq.) and K₂CO₃ (10.5 mg, 75 μmol) a solution of 2-bromo-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone (7.5 mg, 25 μmol) in acetone (0.7 mL) is added. The suspension is stirred at rt for 18 h before it is filtered. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated and the crude product is purified by prep. HPLC (Symmetry C18 5 μm, 19×50 mm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid) to give the desired 2-phenoxy-1-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-ethanone.

LC-MS t_(R) Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R^(d) (min) [M + H]⁺ 180 H H H H 1.13 315.26 181 H CH₃ H CH₃ 1.18 343.28 182 OCH₃ H H H 1.12 345.26 183 H CF₃ H H 1.18 383.30 184 H H

H 1.05 359.32 185 OCH₃ H —CH₂OH H 1.02 375.34

Examples 186 to 188

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous Examples using Example C and Hydroxyamidine 1:

prepared in analogy LC-MS Ex- to t_(R) ample R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 186 OH 127 1.21 369.26 187

128 0.94 442.28 188

129 1.08 500.45

Example 186

¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 8.91 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 2H), 3.04 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 2H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 1.57 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Examples 189 to 192

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous Examples using Example C and Hydroxyamidine 2:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 189 OH 127 1.23 383.27 190

128 0.95 456.47 191

129 1.10 514.41 192

130 1.09 528.52

Examples 193 and 194

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous Examples using Intermediate 3:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 193

135 1.15 482.36 194

136 1.09 512.31

Examples 195 to 199

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous Examples using Example C and commercially available benzaldehydes or the described Aldehydes 1 and 2:

prepared in analogy to LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 195 H methyl ethyl 22 1.19 383.29 196 H ethyl ethyl 22 1.21 397.33 197 H methyl Cl 22 1.19 389.2 198 H OCH₃ Cl 22 1.16 405.04 199 OCH₃ H H 139 1.11 371.38

Example 198

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.60 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.04 (s, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.15 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.78 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (s, 2H), 1.58 8t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (s, 6H).

Example 200

3-[4-(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-3-chloro-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 33 starting from Example 197; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.93 min, [M+1]⁺=462.30.

Examples 201 to 205

The following examples are prepared from previous examples in analogy to Example 23:

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 201 H methyl ethyl 195 1.17 385.31 202 H ethyl ethyl 196 1.19 399.34 203 H methyl Cl 197 1.16 391.23 204 H OCH₃ Cl 198 1.13 407.16 205 OCH₃ H H 199 1.10 373.09

Examples 206 to 210

The following examples are prepared from previous examples in analogy to Example 66:

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 206 H methyl ethyl 201 1.16 429.38 207 H ethyl ethyl 202 1.18 443.36 208 H methyl Cl 203 1.15 435.03 209 H OCH₃ Cl 204 1.18 451.09 210 OCH₃ H H 205 1.12 417.12

Example 208

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.09 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.72 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.54 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 211 to 214

The following examples are prepared from previous examples in analogy to Example 68:

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 211 H methyl ethyl 201 1.17 443.21 212 H ethyl ethyl 202 1.19 457.39 213 H OCH₃ Cl 204 1.14 465.32 214 OCH₃ H H 205 1.13 431.35

Examples 215 to 217

The following examples are prepared from previous examples in analogy to Example 68:

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 215 H methyl ethyl 201 1.09 459.37 216 H ethyl ethyl 202 1.12 473.39 217 OCH₃ H H 205 1.04 447.32

Examples 218 to 223

The following examples are prepared in analogy to Example 112 using previous examples:

pre- pared Ex- from LC-MS am- Exam- t_(R) [M + ple R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R ple (min) H]⁺ 218 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 201 0.94 428.15 219 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 202 0.97 442.35 220 H CH₃ Cl H 203 0.93 434.21 221 H OCH₃ Cl H 204 0.92 450.13 222 OCH₃ H H H 205 0.89 416.33 223 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 65 0.94 428.30

Example 220

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.03 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.952 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.11-3.00 (m, 6H), 2.96-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.73 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.54 8t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 8 s, 6H).

Examples 224 to 230

A solution of the substituted 3-[4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (50-200 μmol, 1 eq.) in DCM (2 mL) is treated with DIPEA (1.6 eq.) followed by the appropriate alkane sulfonylchloride (1.2 eq.). The reaction mixture is stirred at rt for 4 h, diluted with DCM and washed with brine followed by water. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is chromatographed on prep. TLC plates with either DCM containing 5-10% of methanol or heptane:EA 1:1 to furnish the desired N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-alkane-sulfonamide as an almost colourless to pale yellow resin.

prepared LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R from Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 224 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 112 1.15 492.15 225 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₃ 218 1.16 506.37 226 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ 218 1.18 520.39 227 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₃ 219 1.17 520.35 228 H CH₃ Cl CH₃ 220 1.16 512.33 229 H OCH₃ Cl CH₃ 221 1.14 528.18 230 OCH₃ H H CH₃ 222 1.12 494.38

Example 225

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.92-6.88 (m, 2H), 4.91 (t br, J=6 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (q, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.09-3.02 (m, 6H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.72 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.54 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Examples 231 to 237

To a solution of the appropriately substituted 3-[4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (0.1-2 mmol, 1 eq.) in DCM (2-20 mL), DIPEA (4 eq.) and TBTU (1.4 eq.) followed by either glycolic acid or 3-hydroxy-propionic acid (1.5 eq.) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 1-3 h before it is diluted with DCM, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃, dried over MgSO₄, and filtered. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated and the crude product is purified either by chromatography on prep. TLC-plates or by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM containing 5-10% of methanol to give the desired N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-hydroxyalkylamide as an almost colourless to pale yellow resin.

prepared LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) w from Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 231 H CH₃ CH₃ 1 112 1.10 472.48 232 H CH₃ CH₃ 2 112 1.09 486.41 233 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ 1 218 1.11 486.40 234 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ 1 219 1.14 500.38 235 H CH₃ Cl 1 220 1.12 492.38 236 H OCH₃ Cl 1 221 1.10 508.15 237 OCH₃ H H 1 222 1.07 474.37

Example 231

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.01 (t br, J=5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 2H), 4.16 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (q, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.73 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t br, J=4 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.55 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 238 to 250

To a solution of the appropriate BOC-protected amino acid (1.5 eq.) in DCM (2-20 mL), TBTU (1.4 eq.) and DIPEA (4 eq.) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 10 min before a solution of the appropriately substituted 3-[4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (0.1-2 mmol, 1 eq.) in DCM (2-5 mL) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 1-3 h before it is diluted with DCM, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃, dried over MgSO₄, and filtered. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated and the residue is dissolved in 4 N HCl in dioxane. The mixture is stirred at rt for 45 to 90 min before it s diluted with DCM, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃, dried over MgSO₄ and filtered. The solvent of the filtrate is evaporated and the crude product is purified by chromatography on prep. TLC-plates using DCM containing 5-10% of 7 N NH₃ in methanol to give the desired amino-N-(2-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-alkylamide as a pale yellow resin.

prepared from LC-MS Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R w Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 238 H CH₃ CH₃ H 1 112 0.92 471.37 239 H CH₃ CH₃ H 2 112 0.92 485.42 240 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1 112 0.93 485.40 241 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2 112 0.93 499.45 242 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 1 218 0.92 485.21 243 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₃ 1 218 0.95 499.44 244 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₃ 2 218 0.95 513.47 245 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₃ 1 219 0.96 513.44 246 H OCH₃ Cl H 1 221 0.91 507.27 247 H OCH₃ Cl CH₃ 1 221 0.92 521.18 248 H OCH₃ Cl CH₃ 2 221 0.93 535.19 249 OCH₃ H H 1 1 222 0.91 487.19 250 OCH₃ H H 2 1 222 0.91 501.22

Example 243

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.78 (s br, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.83 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 2H), 3.10-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.72 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.54 8t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.25 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 251 to 270

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 119.

prepared in analogy to LC-MS Ex. R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R Example t_(R)(min) [M + H]⁺ 251 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 223 0.96 442.32 252 H CH₃ CH₃ SO₂CH₃ 224 1.15 506.07 253 H CH₃ CH₃ SO₂CH₂CH₃ 224 1.18 520.42 254 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.12 486.46 255 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.94 499.26 256 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 119 0.96 442.42 257 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.13 500.25 258 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.95 513.42 259 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.96 527.30 260 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 119 0.97 456.37 261 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.15 514.46 262 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.97 527.44 263 H OCH₃ Cl H 119 0.93 464.30 264 H OCH₃ Cl SO₂CH₃ 224 1.15 542.25 265 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂OH 231 1.10 522.27 266 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.92 521.28 267 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.93 535.29 268 OCH₃ H H H 119 0.92 430.35 269 OCH₃ H H SO₂CH₃ 224 1.13 508.36 270 OCH₃ H H COCH₂OH 231 1.09 488.43

Example 254

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.88 (s, 2H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 3.84 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (q, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.08-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.72 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s br, 1H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 2.03 (p, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.54 8t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Examples 271 to 319

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 65:

prepared in analogy to LC-MS Ex. R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R Example t_(R)(min) [M + H]⁺ 271 H CH₃ CH₃ H 33 0.92 444.30 272 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 34 0.95 458.10 273 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 33 0.94 458.42 274 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ H 33 0.95 472.46 275 H CH₃ Cl H 33 0.92 464.06 276 H OCH₃ Cl H 33 0.90 480.08 277 OCH₃ H H H 33 0.89 446.32 278 H CH₃ CH₃ SO₂CH₃ 151 1.10 522.42 279 H CH₃ CH₃ SO₂CH₂CH₃ 151 1.11 536.11 280 H CH₃ CH₃ SO₂NHCH₃ 151 1.09 537.10 281 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ SO₂CH₃ 151 1.11 536.14 282 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ SO₂CH₂CH₃ 151 1.13 550.29 283 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ SO₂NHCH₃ 151 1.10 551.33 284 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ SO₂CH₃ 151 1.14 550.41 285 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ SO₂CH₂CH₃ 151 1.10 542.00 286 H OCH₃ Cl SO₂CH₃ 151 1.09 558.08 287 H OCH₃ Cl SO₂CH₂CH₃ 151 1.11 572.18 288 H OCH₃ Cl SO₂NHCH₃ 151 1.08 573.07 289 OCH₃ H H SO₂CH₃ 151 1.06 524.33 290 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂COOCH₃ 42 0.97 516.46 291 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂CH₂COO—CH₃ 42 0.98 530.46 293 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂COOCH₂—CH₃ 42 0.99 530.55 294 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂CH₂COO—CH₂CH₃ 42 1.00 544.48 297 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₂OH 37 0.93 502.23 298 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 0.92 444.29 299 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.05 516.42 300 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.08 530.39 301 H CH₃ Cl COCH₂OH 231 1.04 522.06 302 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂OH 231 1.04 538.35 303 OCH₃ H H COCH₂OH 231 1.01 504.24 304 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.90 501.16 305 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.91 515.28 306 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NH—CH₃ 238 0.91 529.28 307 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.93 515.49 308 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.93 529.28 309 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NH—CH₃ 238 0.91 543.26 310 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.92 543.40 311 H CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NH—CH₃ 238 0.93 557.40 312 H CH₃ Cl COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.89 521.14 313 H CH₃ Cl COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.92 535.50 314 H CH₃ Cl COCH₂CH₂NH—CH₃ 238 0.92 549.40 315 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.89 537.11 316 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.90 551.13 317 H OCH₃ Cl COCH₂CH₂NH—CH₃ 238 0.90 565.15 318 OCH₃ H H COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.89 517.21 319 OCH₃ H H COCH₂CH₂NH—CH₃ 238 0.89 531.20

prepared in analogy LC-MS Example R to Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 292 CH₃ 42 0.98 542.48 295 CH₂CH₃ 42 0.99 556.54 296 H 42 0.94 528.08

Example 295 As Formate Salt

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.32 (s br, 1H), 6.87 (s, 2H), 5.92 (s br, 1H), 4.50-4.30 (m, 3H), 4.23 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (dd, J=8.2, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (dd, J=7.6, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.41 (dd, J=2.9, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 3.31 (dd, J=2.9, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.00 (4H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.72 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 8 s, 2H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.54 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 6H).

Example 320

a) A solution of 2,5-dibromoxylene (8.0 g, 30.3 mmol) in diethyl ether (120 mL) is cooled to −78° C. and then treated with n-buthyllithium (20 mL, 1.6 M in hexane). After stirring for 40 min, DMF (6 mL) is slowly added. The mixture is warmed to rt and stirred for 1 h. The mixture is cooled again to −78° C. before another portion of n-butyllithium (5 mL) is added. The reaction mixture is allowed to warm to rt and stirred for another hour. The reaction is quenched by adding 5% aq. HCl. The mixture is extracted with EA, and the extract is concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 5:1 to give 4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (8.2 g) as a white soft solid.

b) A solution of 4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde (8.15 g, 38.25 mmol), p-toluenesulfonic acid (50 mg) and 1,3-propanediol (9.5 mL) in toluene (100 mL) is heated to 110° C. for 3 h. The reaction flask is equipped with a Dean-Stark apparatus and heating is continued at 110° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to rt, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 9:1 to give 2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-[1,3]dioxane (5.97 g) as a colourless oil.

c) The corresponding Grignard-reagent is prepared form 2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-[1,3]dioxane (2.5 g, 9.22 mmol) and Mg (258 mg, 10.6 mmol) in THF (50 mL). To this reagent allylbromide (1.23 g, 10.14 mmol) is added dropwise at rt. The reaction mixture becomes warm (40° C.) and it is stirred for 16 h. The reaction is quenched by adding water. The mixture is extracted with EA. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with heptane:EA 10:1 to give 2-(4-allyl-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-[1,3]dioxane (1.8 g) as a colourless oil; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.02 min, [M+1]⁺=233.22, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.12 (s, 2H), 5.94-5.80 (m, 1H), 5.44 s, 1H), 4.95 (dd, J=1.8, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (dd, J=1.8, 17.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 8H).

d) A solution of 2-(4-allyl-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-[1,3]dioxane (790 mg, 3.4 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) is treated with OsO₄ (1 mL of a 2.5% solution in tert. butanol), NMO hydrate (551 mg, 4.08 mmol) and water (0.5 mL). The mixture is stirred at rt for 2.5 h before it is diluted with DCM, washed with 10% aq. citric acid solution (2×50 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated. The product is crystallized from DCM/heptane to give 3-(4-[1,3]dioxan-2-yl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propane-1,2-diol (335 mg) as a grey powder; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.15 (s, 2H), 5.42 8 s, 1H), 4.26 (dd, J=4.6, 10.6 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (dt, J_(d)=1.8 Hz, J_(t)=12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.66 (dd, J=2.9, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dd, J=7.0 11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (dd, J=8.8, 14.1 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (dd, J=5.3, 13.5 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.30-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.90 (s br, 2H).

e) A solution of 3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophene-1-carboxylic acid (65 mg, 0.275 mmol) and 3-(4-[1,3]dioxan-2-yl-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propane-1,2-diol (95 mg, 0.356 mmol) in ethanol (2 mL) and 4 N HCl in isopropanol (0.5 mL) is stirred at rt for 1 week. The solvent is evaporated and the crude product is purified by chromatography on prep. TLC plates with EA to give 3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (82 mg) as a yellow resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.11 min, [M+1]=427.36.

Example 321

To a solution of 3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone (82 mg) in ethanol (5 mL), Pd/C (30 mg, 10% Pd) is added and the suspension is stirred for 18 h at rt under 1 bar of H₂. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified by chromatography on prep. TLC plates with EA to afford 3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (15 mg) as beige resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.10 min, [M+1]=429.38.

Examples 322 to 333

The following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 4 and Intermediate 5, respectively, and the appropriate amines in analogy to Example 135. Amino acids are coupled as their carboxylic acid esters which are cleaved in a second step following the coupling reaction by stirring the corresponding ester in methanol in the presence of 2 N aq. NaOH at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixtures are separated by prep. HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini C18, 5 μm 110 A, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% of formic acid) to afford the desired 3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-phenyl}-propionamides as colourless resins.

LC-MS Ex- t_(R) ample R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R (min) [M + H]⁺ 322 H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.14 426.35 323 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂CH₂OH 1.09 470.41 324 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂CH₂CH₂OH 1.11 484.50 325 H CH₃ CH₃

1.04 500.07 326 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂COOCH₃ 1.15 498.40 327 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂CH₂COOCH₃ 1.16 512.43 328 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂COOH 1.08 484.39 329 H CH₃ CH₃ CH₂CH₂COOH 1.09 498.39 330 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₂CH₂OH 1.10 484.46 331 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃

1.05 514.45 332 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₂COOCH₃ 1.16 512.45 333 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ CH₂COOH 1.05 514.45

Example 334

1-(3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 15 by condensing Example R and Aldehyde 7; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.19 min, [M+1]⁺=411.48.

Example 335

In analogy to Example 16, hydrogenation of Example 334 affords 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]⁺=413.40.

Example 336

1-(3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 15 by condensing Example R and Aldehyde 8; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.21 min, [M+1]⁺=425.40.

Example 337

In analogy to Example 16, hydrogenation of Example 336 affords 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.19 min, [M+1]⁺=427.40.

Example 338

a) A solution of 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one (135 mg, 0.328 mmol, Example 335) in DCM is treated with DIPEA (70 mg, 0.525 mmol) followed by methanesulfonylchloride (45 mg, 0.394 mmol). The mixture is stirred at rt for 1.5 h before it is diluted with DCM and washed with 0.5 M aq. citric acid solution followed by brine. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propyl ester (165 mg) as a yellow resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.20 min, [M+1]⁺=491.36.

b) A solution of methanesulfonic acid 3-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-propyl ester (160 mg, 0.326 mmol) in 7 N NH₃ in methanol is stirred at 70° C. for 16 h in a sealed vial. The solvent is removed and the residue is purified by CC on silica gel eluting with DCM containing 7% of methanol to give 3-[4-(3-amino-propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (101 mg) as a pale yellow resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.95 min, [M+1]⁺=412.36; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.87 (s, 2H), 3.09-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.88 (m, 4H), 2.76-2.60 (m, 6H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Example 339

3-[4-(3-Amino-propyl)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one is prepared in analogy to Example 338 starting from Example 337; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.97 min, [M+1]⁺=426.45.

Examples 340 to 351

The following examples are prepared either from Example 338 or from Example 339 in analogy to previous examples:

prepared in analogy to LC-MS Ex. R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R Example t_(R)(min) [M + H]⁺ 340 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.12 470.45 341 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂CH₂OH 231 1.11 484.39 342 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.96 469.44 343 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.97 483.47 344 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NH₂ 238 0.97 483.44 345 H CH₃ CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.97 497.42 346 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂OH 231 1.14 484.44 347 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂CH₂OH 231 1.13 498.43 348 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.97 483.40 349 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.98 497.50 350 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NH₂ 238 0.98 497.49 351 H CH₃ CH₂CH₃ COCH₂CH₂NHCH₃ 238 0.99 511.47

Example 352

4-[3-(3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide is prepared in analogy to Example 15 by condensing Example R and Aldehyde 9; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.12 min, [M+1]⁺=418.25.

Example 353

In analogy to Example 16, hydrogenation of Example 352 affords 4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.11 min, [M+1]⁺=420.25.

Example 354

4-[3-(3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide is prepared in analogy to Example 15 by condensing Example R and Aldehyde 10; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.06 min, [M+1]⁺=448.42.

Example 355

In analogy to Example 16, hydrogenation of Example 354 affords 4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzenesulfonamide; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.03 min, [M+1]⁺=450.25.

Example 356

In analogy to Example 83, mesylating the alcohol functionality in Example 355 and subsequent substitution of the thus obtained mesylate with NH₃ in methanol at 65° C. affords N-(2-amino-ethyl)-4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-benzenesulfonamide; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.88 min, [M+1]⁺=449.28.

Example 357

3-(4-Amino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone is obtained as a yellow oil by condensing Example R and Aldehyde 11 under basic conditions as described for Intermediate 2; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]⁺=368.30.

Example 358

In analogy to Example 16, hydrogenation of Example 357 affords 3-(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.98 min, [M+1]⁺=370.32.

Examples 359 to 363

In case R constitutes an hydroxyalkane: To a solution of 3-(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (7.5 mg, 20 μmol) in THF:DMF 1:1 (1 mL) the appropriate hydroxyalkylcarboxylic acid (50 μmol) and EDC (9.5 mg, 50 μmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 16 h and then separated by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry, 50×20 mm ID, 5 μm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% of formic acid) to afford the desired N-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-amide as a colourless resin.

In case R constitutes an aminoalkane: To a solution of 3-(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (7.5 mg, 20 μmol) and DIPEA (5 mg, 40 μmol) in THF (0.2 mL) chloroacetylchloride (2.5 mg, 22 μmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 2 h before the appropriate amine (60 μmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at 70° C. for 12 h before it is diluted with acetic acid (0.2 mL) and methanol (0.25 mL) and separated by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry, 50×20 mm ID, 5 μm, 20-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% of formic acid) to afford the desired N-{4-[3-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl}-amide as a colourless resin.

LC-MS Example R t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 359 CH₂OH 1.20 428.34 360 CH₂CH₂OH 1.19 442.40 361 CH₂NH₂ 0.91 427.38 362 CH₂NHCH₃ 09.2 441.44 363 CH₂N(CH₃)₂ 0.93 455.45

Example 364

a) To a solution of 3-(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (296 mg, 0.80 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) allylbromide (121 mg, 1.00 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (144 mg, 1.71 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 4 h before it is filtered. The filtrate is separated by prep. HPLC (Waters Xterra C18 75×30 mm 10 μm, 10-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.8% of diethylamine) to afford 3-(4-allylamino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (80 mg) as a yellow resin; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.98 min, [M+1]⁺=410.20.

b) To a solution of 3-(4-allylamino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (80 mg, 0.195 mmol) and NMO (69 mg, 0.507 mmol) in acetone (11.5 mL) and water (1.65 mL), a 2.5 M solution of OsO₄ in tert. butanol (88 μL, 7 μmol) is added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 18 h and then separated by prep. HPLC (Waters Symmetry C18 19×50 mm 5 μm, 10-95% acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% of 25% aq. NH₃) to afford 3-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-propylamino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one (52 mg) as a pyle yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.90 min, [M+1]⁺=444.41; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.98 (s, 2H), 3.92-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J=3.5, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (dd, J=4.7, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.14-2.88 (m, 7H), 2.72 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.54 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (s, 6H).

Examples 365 to 367

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples using Example E and Hydroxyamidine 1:

prepared in analogy LC-MS Ex- to t_(R) ample R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 365 OH 127 1.22 383.32 366

128 0.95 456.39 367

129 1.11 514.34

Examples 368 to 370

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples using Intermediate 6:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 368

135 1.17 496.46 369

136 1.13 526.29 370

136 1.12 526.30

Example 371

{4-[5-(3-Ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-methanol is prepared starting from Example E and Hydroxyamidine 4 in analogy to Example 127; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]⁺=369.26.

Example 372

a) To a cold solution (−70° C.) of oxalyl chloride (169 mg, 1.34 mmol) and DMSO (209 mg, 2.67 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) a solution of {4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-methanol (410 mg, 1.11 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) is added. The mixture is warmed to −40° C. within 30 min and then triethylamine (394 mg, 3.89 mmol) is added. Stirring is continued at −40° C. for 1 h, then at rt. The reaction is quenched by adding water and the mixture is extracted with diethyl ether. The organic extract is dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent of the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product is purified by chromatography on prep. TLC plates with heptane:EA 3:1 to give 4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-benzaldehyde (180 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.24 min, [M+1]⁺=367.24.

b) To a solution of 4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-benzaldehyde (180 mg, 0.49 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and methanol (10 mL) azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.589 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (104 mg, 0.491 mmol) is added at 5° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 5° C. for 3 h. The solvent is evaporated and the crude product is purified by chromatography on prep. TLC plates using DCM containing 20% of methanol to give 1-{4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (50 mg) as a pale yellow solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.93 min, [M+1]⁺=452.27.

Examples 373 to 399

The following examples are prepared in analogy to Example 155 starting from Bromoketone 2 and the appropriate anilines:

LC-MS t_(R) Example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R^(d) (min) [M + H]⁺ 373 H H H H 1.15 328.28 374 CH₃ H H H 1.19 342.31 375 CH₂CH₃ H H H 1.22 356.36 376 H CH₃ H CH₃ 1.19 356.30 377 H CF₃ H H 1.21 396.35 378 OCH₃ H H H 1.18 358.38 379 H H OCH₃ H 1.05 358.27 380 CH₃ H OCH₃ H 1.14 372.32 381 OCH₃ H OCH₃ H 1.09 388.40 382 OCH₃ H H CF₃ 1.23 426.23 383 H OCH₃ H CF₃ 1.21 426.20 384 H H OCH₃ CF₃ 1.19 426.29 385 CH₃ H H CF₃ 1.23 410.18 386 H H

H 1.05 372.29 387 H H

H 0.96 388.37 388 H H

H 0.98 402.24 389 H H

H 0.99 402.23 390 H H

H 0.90 418.19 391 H H

H 0.73 415.30 392 H H

H 0.88 457.40 393 CH₃ H

H 1.05 402.28 394 CH₃ H

H 1.07 416.30 395 CH₃ H

H 1.05 402.23 396 CH₃ H

H 0.95 418.23 397 CH₃ H

H 0.95 418.26 398 CH₃ H

H 0.74 429.37 399 CH₃ H

H 0.92 471.47

Examples 400 to 407

The following examples are prepared in analogy to Example 180 starting from Bromoketone 2 and the appropriate phenols:

LC-MS Ex- t_(R) ample R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R^(d) (min) [M + H]⁺ 400 H H H H 1.16 329.30 401 H CH₃ H CH₃ 1.20 357.27 402 OCH₃ H H H 1.14 359.32 403 CH₂CH₃ H H H 1.21 357.30 404 H CF₃ H H 1.20 397.30 405 H H OCH₃ H 1.15 359.31 406 H H

H 1.08 373.32 407 OCH₃ H —CH₂OH H 1.05 389.30

Example 408

1-(5,5-Dimethyl-3-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 22 by condensing Example V and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.20 min, [M+1]⁺=383.31.

Example 409

1-(5,5-Dimethyl-3-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propanone is prepared in analogy to Example 23 from Example 408; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]⁺=385.38; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.85 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s br, 1H), 3.07-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.93-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 2H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.72-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.54 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

Examples 410 to 418

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 409:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 410

24 1.17 429.43 411

25 1.20 443.36 412

26 1.19 443.35 413

27 1.11 459.37 414

28 1.11 459.43 415

29 1.19 473.39 416

30 1.01 456.48 417

31 1.03 482.44 418

32 1.01 498.43

Example 419

1-(5,5-Diethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 22 by condensing Example W and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, [M+1]⁺=369.27, ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): 7.62 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (s, 2H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.63 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.42-1.25 (m, 4H), 0.86 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example 420

1-(5,5-Diethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propanone is prepared in analogy to Example 23 from Example 419; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.16 min, [M+1]⁺=371.40; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.76 (s, 2H), 3.08-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (s, 2H), 2.16 (s, 6H), 1.60 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.38-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.84 (t, 7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example 421

1-(5,5-Diethyl-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 22 by condensing Example X and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.20 min, [M+1]⁺383.30.

Example 422

Hydrogenation of Example 421 in analogy to Example 23 affords 1-(5,5-diethyl-3-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.19 min, [M+1]⁺=385.27.

Example 423

3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-triethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 22 by condensing Example X and 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.22 min, [M+1]⁺=397.32.

Example 424

Hydrogenation of Example 421 in analogy to Example 23 affords 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3,5,5-triethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.21 min, [M+1]⁺=399.35.

Examples 425 to 430

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 420, 422, or 424:

starting prepared in LC-MS from analogy to t_(R) Ex. R^(a) R^(b) Example Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 425 H

420 27 1.09 445.50 426 CH₃

422 27 1.11 459.40 427 CH₃

422 33 0.94 458.28 428 CH₃

422 146 1.06 516.48 429 CH₂CH₃

424 33 0.96 472.39 430 CH₂CH₃

424 146 1.09 530.41

Example 428

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.16 (t br, J=6 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 2H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 3H), 3.82-3.68 (m, 3H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.85 (m, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 2H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.54 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.18 (m, 4H), 0.82 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 6H).

Example 431

Hydrogenation of Example 126 following the procedure given in Example 23 affords 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(3-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.12 min, [M+1]⁺=373.29.

Examples 432 to 434

The following examples are prepared by condensing either Example AA, AC or AE with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde in analogy to the procedure described in Example 22:

starting from LC-MS Example R Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 432 H AA 1.12 327.26 433 CH₃ AC 1.15 341.28 434 CH₂CH₃ AE 1.17 355.29

Examples 435 to 437

The following examples are prepared by hydrogenation of previous examples following the procedure given in Example 23:

starting from LC-MS Example R Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 435 H 432 1.10 329.30 436 CH₃ 433 1.13 343.29 437 CH₂CH₃ 434 1.15 357.34

Examples 438 to 440

The following examples are prepared by alkylation of the previous examples following the procedure given in Example 27:

starting from LC-MS Example R Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 438 H 435 1.02 403.33 439 CH₃ 436 1.04 417.33 440 CH₂CH₃ 437 1.07 431.40

Example 438

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.25 (s, 1H9, 6.85 (s, 2H), 4.00-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.25 (ddd, J=2.9, 5.3, 18.8 Hz, 1H), 3.09-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.75 (m, 4H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 7H), 1.92-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.26 (m, 1H), 1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H).

Example 441

1-(5-Ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone is prepared by condensing Example AG with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde in analogy to the procedure described in Example 22; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]⁺=341.24.

Example 442

1-(5-Ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propan-1-one is prepared by hydrogenation of Example 441 following the procedure given in Example 23; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.14 min, [M+1]⁺=343.27.

Example 443

3-[4-((S)-2,3-Dihydroxy-propoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(5-ethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one is prepared by alkylation of Example 442 with (S)-3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol following the procedure given in Example 27; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.05 min, [M+1]⁺=417.39.

Example 444

1-(3-Ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propenone is prepared by condensing Example AJ with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde in analogy to the procedure described in Example 22; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.16 min, [M+1]⁺=367.29.

Example 445

1-(3-Ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propanone is prepared by hydrogenation of Example 444 following the procedure given in Example 23; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min, [M+1]⁺=369.33.

Examples 446 to 454

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from

Example 445

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 446

24 1.13 413.29 447

25 1.16 427.39 448

26 1.15 427.41 449

27 1.06 443.41 450

28 1.07 443.39 451

29 1.15 457.46 452

30 0.97 440.45 453

31 1.00 466.35 454

32 0.97 482.41

Examples 455 to 458

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples using Example AH and Hydroxyamidine 1:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 455 OH 127 1.16 353.19 456

128 0.91 467.41 457

129 1.02 484.41 458

130 1.01 498.33

Example 455

¹H NMR (D₆-DMSO): δ 8.94 (s, 1H), 7.63 8 s, 2H), 7.59 (s, 1H), 3.15 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 6H), 1.64 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 0.48-0.36 (m, 4H).

Example 459

4-[5-(5,5-Ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenol is prepared from Example AH and Hydroxyamidine 2 in analogy to Example 127; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.18 min, [M+1]⁺=367.35.

Examples 460 to 463

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples using Example AK and Hydroxyamidine 1:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 460 OH 127 1.21 381.29 461

128 0.95 454.40 462

129 1.09 512.43 463

130 1.07 526.43

Examples 464 to 467

The following Examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples using Example AL and Hydroxyamidine 1:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 464 OH 127 1.24 395.25 465

128 0.97 468.46 466

129 1.12 526.45 467

130 1.11 540.53

Examples 468 to 471

The following examples are prepared by condensing Example AM with the appropriate Aldehydes under acidic conditions as described for Example 22 or with Aldehyde 11 under basic conditions as described for Intermediate 2:

LC-MS Example Aldehyde used R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 468 4-hydroxy-3,5- CH₃ OH CH₃ 1.22 409.32 dimethylbenzaldehyde 469 1 CH₃ OH CH₂CH₃ 1.23 423.36 470 2 CH₂CH₃ OH CH₂CH₃ 1.24 437.27 471 11  CH₃ NH₂ CH₃ 1.21 408.17

Examples 472 to 475

The following examples are prepared by hydrogenation of previous examples following the procedure given in Example 23;

pre- pared from LC-MS Example example R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 472 468 CH₃ OH CH₃ 1.18 411.36 473 469 CH₃ OH CH₂CH₃ 1.20 425.29 474 470 CH₂CH₃ OH CH₂CH₃ 1.21 439.25 475 471 CH₃ NH₂ CH₃ 1.03 410.21

Example 472

¹⁹F NMR (CDCl₃): δ-133.8.

Examples 476 and 477

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 472:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 476

27 1.11 485.42 477

29 1.18 499.44

Examples 478 to 493

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 473:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 478

24 1.19 469.25 479

25 1.21 483.34 480

26 1.21 483.33 481

27 1.14 499.39 482

28 1.12 499.28 483

29 1.21 513.39 484

30 1.02 496.42 485

31 1.04 522.36 486

32 1.03 538.36 487

128 0.96 498.36 488

129 1.09 556.40 489

130 1.08 570.31 490

238 0.95 555.39 491

238 0.96 569.46 492

238 0.95 569.41 493

238 0.96 583.41

Example 482

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 6.91-6.86 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.14-3.02 (m, 4H), 2.98-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.63 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.57 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.21 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (s, 6H).

Examples 494 to 500

The following examples are prepared in analogy to previous examples starting from Example 474:

prepared in LC-MS analogy to t_(R) Example R Example (min) [M + H]⁺ 494

128 0.97 512.08 495

129 1.11 570.50 496

130 1.10 584.31 497

238 0.96 569.38 498

238 0.97 583.33 499

238 0.96 583.37 500

238 0.97 597.45

Example 501

3-[4-(2,3-Dihydroxy-propylamino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one is prepared in analogy to Example 364 starting from Example 475; LC-MS: t_(R)=0.92 min, [M+1]⁺=484.32.

Examples 502 to 505

The following examples are prepared in analogy to Example 322 using Intermediate 7:

LC-MS t_(R) Example R (min) [M + H]⁺ 502

1.09 554.30 503

1.08 554.33 504 CH₂COOCH₃ 1.18 552.37 505 CH₂COOH 1.12 538.86

Example 506

1-(5,5-Dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[3-ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-propenone is prepared in analogy to Example 15 by condensing Example AM and Aldehyde 8; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.23 min, [M+1]⁺=465.24.

Example 507

In analogy to Example 16, hydrogenation of Example 506 affords 1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-[3-ethyl-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-propan-1-one; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.20 min, [M+1]⁺=467.42.

Example 508

3-[4-(3-Amino-propyl)-3-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl]-1-(5,5-dimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-propan-1-one is prepared from Example 507 in analogy to Example 338; LC-MS: t_(R)=1.00 min, [M+1]⁺=466.25.

Examples 509 to 514

prepared in analogy LC-MS Example R to Example t_(R) (min) [M + H]⁺ 509 COCH₂OH 231 1.16 524.29 510 COCH₂CH₂OH 231 1.15 538.40 511 COCH₂NH₂ 238 0.99 523.45 512 COCH₂NHCH₃ 238 1.01 537.48 513 COCH₂CH₂NH₂ 238 0.99 537.45 514 COCH₂CH₂NHCH₃ 238 1.01 551.47

Examples 515 to 523

The following examples are prepared in analogy to Example 155 starting from Bromoketone 3 and the appropriate anilines:

LC-MS Ex- t_(R) ample R^(a) R^(b) R^(c) R^(d) (min) [M + H]⁺ 515 H H H H 1.16 368.22 516 CH₃ H H H 1.19 382.33 517 H CH₃ H CH₃ 1.19 396.19 518 OCH₃ H H H 1.18 398.29 519 H H OCH₃ H 1.12 398.26 520 CH₃ H OCH₃ H 1.17 412.29 521 H CF₃ OCH₃ H 1.19 466.07 522 CH₃ H H OCH₃ 1.18 412.31 523 H H

H 1.08 412.17

Example 524 GTPγS Assay to Determine EC₅₀ Values

GTPγS binding assays are performed in 96 well microtiter plates (Nunc, 442587) in a final volume of 200 μl, using membrane preparations of CHO cells expressing recombinant human S1P1 receptor. Assay conditions are 20 mM Hepes (Fluka, 54461), 100 mM NaCl (Fluka, 71378), 5 mM MgCl₂ (Fluka, 63064), 0.1% BSA (Calbiochem, 126609), 1 μM GDP (Sigma, G-7127), 2.5% DMSO (Fluka, 41644), 50 pM ³⁵S-GTPγS (Amersham Biosciences, SJ1320). The pH is 7.4. Test compounds are dissolved and diluted in 100% DMSO and pre-incubated at room temperature for 30 min in 150 μl of the above assay buffer, in the absence of ³⁵S-GTPγS. After addition of 50 μl of ³⁵S-GTPγS, the assay is incubated for 1 h at rt. The assay is terminated by transfer of the reaction mixture to a Multiscreen plate (Millipore, MAHFC1H60) using a cell harvester from Packard Biosciences, and the plates are washed with ice-cold 10 mM Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄ (70%/30%), dried, sealed at the bottom and, after addition of 25 μl MicroScint20 (Packard Biosciences, order #6013621), sealed on the top. Membrane-bound ³⁵S-GTPγS is measured with a TopCount from Packard Biosciences.

EC₅₀ is the concentration of agonist inducing 50% of the maximal specific ³⁵S-GTPγS binding. Specific binding is determined by subtracting non-specific binding from maximal binding. Maximal binding is the amount of cpm bound to the Multiscreen plate in the presence of 10 μM of S1P. Non-specific binding is the amount of binding in the absence of an agonist in the assay.

Table 1 shows the EC₅₀ value of some compounds of the present invention. The EC₅₀ values were determined according to the method described above.

TABLE 1 Compound of Compound of Example EC₅₀ [nM] Example EC₅₀ [nM] 27 2.4 269 1.8 41 2.8 271 1.7 62 5.9 296 1.0 66 2.5 312 0.8 71 5.9 339 1.8 77 1.8 351 3.4 79 3.7 356 8.0 80 0.6 378 6.1 114 4.1 414 4.2 129 3.8 423 7.6 149 5.1 457 6.2 210 1.1 501 2.6 230 2.9 489 2.9 247 3.1 517 9.7

Example 525 Assessment of In Vivo Efficacy

The efficacy of the compounds of Formula (I) is assessed by measuring the circulating lymphocytes after oral administration of 3 to 30 mg/kg of a compound of Formula (I) to normotensive male Wistar rats. The animals are housed in climate-controlled conditions with a 12 h-light/dark cycle, and have free access to normal rat chow and drinking water. Blood is collected before and 3, 6 and 24 h after drug administration. Full blood is subjected to hematology using Advia Hematology system (Bayer Diagnostics, Zürich, Switzerland).

All data are presented as mean±SEM. Statistical analyses are performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistica (StatSoft) and the Student-Newman-Keuls procedure for multiple comparisons. The null hypothesis is rejected when p<0.05.

As an example, Table 2 shows the effect on lymphocyte counts 6 h after oral administration of 10 mg/kg of some compounds of the present invention to normotensive male Wistar rats as compared to a group of animals treated with vehicle only.

TABLE 2 Compound of Example Lymphocyte counts 69 −63% 70 −51% 240 −66% 295 −64% 330 −56% 367 −78% 

1. A compound Formula (I)

wherein A represents

R¹ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₅-alkyl, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, or halogen; R² represents hydrogen, C₁₋₅-alkyl, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or halogen; R³ represents hydrogen, hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, 5-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR³¹R³², —CO—NHR³¹, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², hydroxy, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, fluoro-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy, 2-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl -ethoxy, 3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, —NR³¹R³², —NHCO—R³¹, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHSO₂R³³, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHCOR³⁴, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, or —SO₂NHR⁻; R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2-C₁₋₅-alkoxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-C₁₋₅-alkoxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylamino)ethyl, 2-(di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino)ethyl, carboxymethyl, C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, or 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxy)ethyl; R³² represents hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R³³ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, or dimethylamino; R³⁴ represents hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, aminomethyl, methylaminomethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, aminoethyl, 2-methylamino-ethyl, or 2-dimethylamino-ethyl; k represents the integer 1, 2, or 3; m represents the integer 1 or 2; n represents 0, 1, or 2; R⁴ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₅-alkyl or halogen; R⁵ represents methyl or ethyl; R⁶ represents methyl or ethyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ together form a carbocyclic 3-, 4-, or 5-membered ring; and R⁷ represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, methoxy, methylthio, hydroxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, amino, mono- or di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino, in free form or in an optically pure enantiomer, a mixture of enantiomers, a diastereomer, a mixture of diastereomers, a diastereomeric racemate, a mixtures of diastereomeric racemates, or a salt form.
 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A represents

R³ represents hydrogen, hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR³¹R³², —CO—NHR³¹, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², hydroxy, C₁₋₅-alkoxy, fluoro-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)—C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy, 2-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy, 3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-]-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, —NR³¹R³², —NHCO—R³¹, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHSO₂R³³, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —CH₂—(CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHCOR³⁴, or —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴; and R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, 2-C₁₋₅-alkoxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-C₁₋₅-alkoxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylamino)ethyl, 2-(di-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)amino)ethyl, carboxymethyl, C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, or 2-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarboxy)ethyl; and wherein k, m, n, R³², R³³ and R³⁴ are as defined in claim
 1. 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein A represents


4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ and R⁴ represent hydrogen and R² represents a methyl group.
 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² and R⁴ represent a methyl group, and R⁴ is in the ortho-position with respect to R³.
 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² represents a methyl group, and R⁴ represents an ethyl group in the ortho-position with respect to R³.
 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² represents a methyl group, and R⁴ represents chloro in the ortho-position with respect to R³.
 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ and R⁴ represent hydrogen and R² represents chloro.
 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ represents hydrogen, R² represents a methoxy group, and R⁴ represents chloro or fluoro both in the ortho-position with respect to R³.
 10. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R¹ represents a methoxy group and R² and R⁴ represent hydrogen.
 11. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ represents hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)—C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(n)—CONR⁻R³², —CO—NHR³¹, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-2-acetyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, 1-(1-(3-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl))-3-propionyl, or —(CH₂)₂CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², and wherein k, n, R³¹ and R³² are as defined in claim
 1. 12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ represents hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)—C₁₋₅-alkyl, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NR³¹R³², (azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-((azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, (pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl-methyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propyl, —CO—NHR³¹, or —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², wherein R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, or 2-aminoethyl, R³² represents hydrogen, and k and n are as defined in claim
 1. 13. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ represents hydroxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)—C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy, 2-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy, 3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-((azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-((pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 2-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, 5-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³¹R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 1-(1-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl)-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl 1-2-hydroxypropoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid C₁₋₅-alkylester)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine)-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-piperazin-1-yl-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(C₁₋₅-alkyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-propoxy, or 2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy, and wherein m, R³¹ and R³² are as defined in claim
 1. 14. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ represents hydroxy, hydroxy-C₂₋₅-alkoxy, di-(hydroxy-C₁₋₅-alkyl)-C₁₋₅-alkoxy, 1-glyceryl, 2-glyceryl, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propoxy, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NR³¹R³², 2-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-ethoxy, 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, —O—CH₂—CONR³², R³², 1-(1-(3-carboxy-azetidinyl))-1-oxo-2-ethoxy, 3-carbamoyl-propoxy, 3-(C₁₋₅-alkylcarbamoyl)propoxy, 3-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)propoxy, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NR³¹R³², 3-[(azetidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, or 2-hydroxy-3-[(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)-1-yl]-propoxy, wherein R³¹ represents hydrogen, methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethyl, 2-aminoethyl, or 2-carboxyethyl, R³² represents hydrogen, and wherein m is as defined in claim
 1. 15. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R³ represents —CH, —(CH₂)_(k)—NHSO₂R³³, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)—NHSO₂R³³, —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHSO₂R³³, —CH₂—(CH₂)_(k)—NHCOR³⁴, —(CH₂)_(n)CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴, —OCH₂—(CH₂)_(m)NHCOR³⁴, or —OCH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—NHCOR³⁴ and wherein k, m, n, R³³ and R³⁴ are as defined in claim
 1. 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁵ and R⁶ represent methyl, or together form a carbocyclic 3-, or 4-membered ring.
 17. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R⁷ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
 18. The compound according to claim 1 selected from the group consisting of: N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-hydroxy-propionamide; N-(3-{2-ethyl-6-methyl-4-[5-(3,5,5-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; N-(3-{4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiopen-1-yl) -[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide; 3-{2-ethyl-4-[5-(3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiopen-1-yl) -[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-6-methyl-phenyl}-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-propionamide; N-(3-{4-[5-(5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiopen-1-yl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-phenoxy}-2-hydroxy-propyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide.
 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 20. A method for treating a disease or disorder associated with an activated immune system, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically active amount of the compound of claim 1, wherein said disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of rejection of transplanted organs selected from kidney, liver, heart and lung; graft-versus-host diseases brought about by stem cell transplantation; autoimmune syndromes selected from rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; and atopic dermatitis. 